Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
8 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Bacterial, viral, fungal infections - if you're getting a lot of either of these, what branch of the immune system is probably screwed up?
|
bacterial infections don't help much, because all the branches help deal with it.
Viral infections suggest either T or B cell problem. Fungal infections are problems with T cells or phagocytes (makes sense, seeing as fungal infections tend to be intracellular?) |
|
|
Talk about X-linked a-gamma-globulin-anemia:
|
X linkeed, problem with a tyrosine kinase. screwed up B reeptor, so it can't differentiate, so almost no antibodies are made. Low levels of all antibodies present. Get bacterial infections.
Note - this is why we don't do live attenuated polio vaccines anymore, because it tended to kill these kids. |
|
|
Talk about DiGeorge syndrome:
|
absent thymus, so don't get mature T cells. Without helper T cells, get shitty antibodies too. See cardiac abnormalities too, and parathyroid gland - so they're hypocalcemic too. Get thymus transplant.
|
|
|
what's chronic granulatomitus disease?
|
If you have a defect in your NADPH oxidases that make the poisons inside your macrophages, they don't work right. NO RESPIRATORY BURST, and find CATALYSE-POSITIVE ORGANISMS (staph, serratia, aspergillus, and nocardia).
can use bactrim and INF gamma to induce your macs to work better. |
|
|
what causes SCID?
|
several causes - note that if you don't have CD4 cells, you don't have an adaptive immune system.
there's X-linked scid, where you don't make the gamma chain seen in lots of interleuken receptors, including IL2, so no T or B cells really. Bad news. ADA or PNP - adenosine deaminase deficiency or purine nucleotide phospyorylase - both of these cause nucleotide precursors to build up and are toxic to T and B cells. autosomal SCID - problems with Rag 1 and Rag 2, so don't make lots of variable antibodies. |
|
|
most of the diseases we mentioned show up in kids - which show up in adults?
|
AIDS and CVID
common variable immune deficiency. |
|
|
what conditions indicate a deficiency of complement factors?
|
repeated nisseria infections - either ghonorea or bacterial meningitis.
|
|
|
what are our scids?
|
x - linked.
here, you have a mutation in the gamma chain receptor of all your cytokines, so you don't differentiate into any useful WBC's. autosomal - problems with RAG or other recombination proteins. adenosine deaminase deficiency (ADA) - can't metabolize nucleotides, become toxic. note that this can be treated with enzyme replacement. |
