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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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dna is packaged by
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dna binding proteins
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dna loops back and forth, but bundled portion is:
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nucleoid
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genetic recombination is also called:
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horizontal gene transfer
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what is transformation?
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donor cell releases free dna by lysis; dna attaches to recipient cell and gets chopped up; genes on the single strand recombine with recipient
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what is conjugation?
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plasmid grabs chromosome and leaves cell and drags to another cell, where it is integrated
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what is transduction?
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transfer of genes by a phage
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how can bacteria resist cephalo and pcn?
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b-lactamase breaks b-lactam ring in them
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how can bacteria resist aminoglycoside?
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produce a degradative enzyme
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how can bacteria resist tetracycline?
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efflux pump
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how else can bacteria resist cephalo?
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uptake reduced
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how can bacteria resist sulfonamide?
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overproduction of target
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what are transposons?
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jumping genes; carry insertion sequences and other genes; confer selective advantage like antibiotic resistance; biological mutagens
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what are r-plasmids?
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conjugative plasmid; replicate and transfer genes, multiple resistance genes, are often part of transposons
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top 3 culprits of antibiotic resistance?
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mrsa, pcn resistant strept pneumo, and vancomycin-resistant enterococcus
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