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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does nephelometry measure?
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Immune complex formation in the when both substances are soluble.
ie serum concentrations IgM, IgG, IgA |
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What is looked at in nephlometry do determine the amount of antigen\antibodies?
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The amount of light scatter by a sample when light is shines through it
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What reaction is utilized in precipitation reactions?
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Soluble ANTIGEN and Soluble ANTIBODY resulting in precipitaiton due to lattice formation.
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What is required of an antigen for it to be utilized in a precipitation reaction?
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Multivalent (2 or more copies of same epitope) or Polyvalent (different epitopes that react with polyclonal antibodies)
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How are precipitation rxns dependent on antigen and antibody concentrations?
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Precipitation only occurs at the EQUIVALENCE ZONE where the concentration of both the antigen and the antibody are optimal
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Describe the process of radial immuno diffusion?
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Well is filled with patient serum with antigen surrounded by antibodies. Precipitin ring forms as a result of diffusion and the area of the ring is quanitfied as amount of antigen
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Describe the process of double immunodiffusion?
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Two wells, one with antigen, one with antibody that diffues toward one another and create equivalence zone-makes precipitin line
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What are the characteristics of the reactants used in an agglutination reaction? What antibody works best?
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Soluble antibody
Insoluble antigen IgM works best because it has highest affinity( selection process) |
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Do agglutination reactions require an optimal concentration\equivalence zone? how accomplished?
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Yes, optimal concentration found with serial dilution
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Types of agglutination reactions?
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hemagglutination, bacterial agglutination, latex agglutination
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What is the most common use of hemeagglutination?
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Blood typing. alpha\beta\O
use paired wells and drop blood into antibodies. Positive reaction is large clump as opposed to tight clump in center. |
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What is an antibody titer?
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In a serial dilution it is the lowest concentration of antibody\serum that will cause a detectable agglutination reaction
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What is latex agglutination?
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An agglutination reaction that uses latex beads bound to antibody
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What does immunoassay labeling allow u to do and what are the different types?
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Allow quantificaiton of antibody antigen reaction: Radioactive isotopes, enzymes, fluorescent compounds
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Describe the process of radioimmunoassays?
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Patient given secondary antibody to their own antibody that reacts with an antigen. The secondary antibodies react with bound serum Ab and give off radioisotopes
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What is ELISA? What is it used to detect?
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Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay
Enzyme attached to antibody that causes color change in serum when reacts. Used to detect antibody titer or antigen concentration(HIV or PSA) |
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How does immunoblotting work?
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HIV proteins are seperated via electrophoresis and patient serum added on top to bind then secondary antibody with enzyme is added to visualize any bound antibodies
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What are the 2 types of immunoflourescence assays? What does each tell you?
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Direct uses a flourescence labele antibody to detect and antigen
Indirect uses are fluorescence labled antibody to detect and antibody antigen reaction |
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How do u calculate an antibody titer?
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In inverse of the lowest concentration antibody that caused a reaction. So a 1\64 dilution
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Describe the process of flow cytometry?
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Cells bound with flourescent labeled antibodies to specific cell markers. Different cells=different colors. Cells seperated when they pass through a laser based on which fluorescense given off.
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