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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the myeloid progenitors?
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6
Basophils, eosinophils,neutrophils, mast cells, dendritic cells, and monocytes |
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WHat are the 3 lymphoid progenitors?
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B, T and NK cells
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What do proteins which are degraded in the cytosol get expressed as?
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MHC class I
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Where do proteins degraded in endocytic vesicles get expressed as?
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MHC Class II
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What does properdin (factor P) bind to and what does it do? A defect in this makes you suseptiple to what?
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It binds to C3 convertase (C3bBb) and protects it from inhibition by factor H
Neisseria deficiency. |
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What is the most potent anaphylatoxin?
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C5a
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What receptors does c3b engage?
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CR1 receptor on macrophages
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What do factor H and I do?
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They bind to C3b and cleave it which leaves iC3b
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defects in the H and I factors causes what problems in the body
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recurrent infections and renal disease
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What do DAF and MCP do?
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they cause inactivation o C3bBb
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What does DAF specifically do?
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causes dissociation of the 2 component system and inactivation
causes Bb to leave and the inactivates C3b figure 2.9 |
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What does MCP do?
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MCP binding to C3b makes it suseptible to cleavage and inactivation by factor I and forms iC3b
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mutation in MCP and DAF cause?
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Paroxysomal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria
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What do macrophages aid in ? innate or adaptive?
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both
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What receptor on Macrophages recognize C3b?
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Complement Receptor 1 CR1
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What does CR3 and CR4 recognize?
CR2? |
iC3b they help with phagocytosis
Cr2 recognizes a B-cell co receptor for the EBV |
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What is the function of the C5b ?
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To initiate the formation of a membrane attack complex
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How is C5 convertase formed?
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C3b2Bb and C5 come together and them C5 is cleaved forming C5b (membrane attack complex) and C5a and stong anaphalotoxin
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What prevents C5b and the other complex from mounting on host cells?
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HRF(homologous restriction factor) and CD59 aka protectin which precents c9 recruitment.
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an impairment in what causes paroxysomal nocturnal hemoglobinuria?
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flycosylphosphatidylinositol lipid tails on DAF, HRF, and CD59
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What prevents C5b and C6 and C7 from starting to form a complex?
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S protein, Clusterin and Factor J which precent mounting on cell membrane
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what is the role of C5a C3a and C4a ?
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Biologically active components of the inflammatory response they are vasoactive agents and do some chemotaxis
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what are alpha 2 macroglobulins?
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it is a protease inhibitor trap because it has a pait of an internal thioester bond
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how are alpha 2 macroglobulins cleared
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there are receptor on the liver cells to clear them
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what are the two types of defensins
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alpha and beta
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what are defensins?
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They are 35 -40 aa rich in positive charge that are anti microbial
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WHat do TLRs sense?
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PAMPs pathogen associated molecular patterns.
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What does TLR4 sense?
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LPS of bacs
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What does TLR3 sense?
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dsRNA from virus
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What does TLR-9 sense?
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unmethylated CpG regions of bacs and viruses
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What receptors and plasma proteins recognize carbohydrates?
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Lectin
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What is an example of a lectin receptor
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MAnnose receptor and a glucan
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what can bacterial LPS bind to?
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TLR4, MD2, CD14 complex
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What is the defect in the x-linked hypohydrotic ectodermal dysplasia and immunodeficiency AKA NEMO deficiency?
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Patients lack on of the subunits of IKK and so they have impaired NFkB which cant make a strong inflammatory response since macrophages are not about to activate via TLR-4
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where is the kinase subunit for IKKgamma located ?
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X c'some
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What do IL-6 TNFalpha and IL-1 Beta cause?
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Fever
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What does the cytokine CXCL8 do?
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recruits neutrophils and basophils it is a chemoattractant cytokine
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What does the cytokine IL-2 do?
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activates NK cells
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when a neutrophil is rolling what is the first thing it binds to and with what?
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Sialyl lewis x binds with selectins on the epithelium
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What does the LFA-1 bind to ? strong?
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ICAM-1 yes
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what happens after Sialyl lewis x and LFA1 bind to selectins and ICAM1 respectively?
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there is a CXCL8 receptor on the neutrophil which latches on the cytokine and squeezes through the junction via diapodesis
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WHat is Chediak-Higashi syndromes?
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occurs when neutrophils have large cytoplasmic granules and prevents diapedisis
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a deficiency in the neutrophils NADPH oxidase causes what deficiency?
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Chronic gronulomatous disease
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What is respiratory burst?
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It is when a neutrophil during phagocytosis of a bacteria takes in a large amount of oxygen to accomadate its need for oxygen reactive species
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what are the signs of chronic granulomatous diseas?
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biols abcesses pneumonia osteomyelitis
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how is a respitory burst evaluated in the lab?
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Nitroblue tetrazolium NBT and dihydrohodamine assay DHR
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What receptror in involved in the lectin pathway?
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Mannose binding lectin
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What occurs once Mannose binding lectin is bound?
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it cleaves C4 to C4a and C4b which then allows C4b to bind then MBL also cleaves C2 to C2a (big) and C2b which C2a attaches to C4b and now you have the classical C3 convertase which now make C3b
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a defect in MBL can cause what bac suseptibility?
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NEisseria
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What is involved in the classical pathway?
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Creactive protein allows C1 to bind and cleaves C4 to C4b and C2a and now you have C4bC2a Classical C3 convertase
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What are the Components of C1?
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C1q(big) C1r and C1s small-
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What does C1 inhibitor do?
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C1Inh or C1 esterase inhibitor binds C1r and C1s and causes them to dissociate
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What else does C1 inh do?
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involved in clotting and kinin systems
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What can a C1INH deficiency cause?
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Excess C4 and C2 consumption leading to hereditary angioneurotic adema (HANE) and leads to tissue swelling from Abundunt C2kinin and bradykinin production
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What does Type 1 interferon respond to?
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Viral infection
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What can Type1 interferon do
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Interfere with viral replication, signal nearby cells, induce IFN beta and Alpha production and activate NK cells
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What do NK cells respond to?
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IFN beta and alpha
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What shape is coccus?
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berry
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What shape is bacillus
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little rod
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What is spirilla
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coil
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vibrio
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vibrate
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