Immunology

Front 1

TH1 cells activate _______ and TH2 cells activate _______

Back 1

macrophages; B cells

Front 2

MHC Class ___ : Cytosolic pathway, intracellular antigen, MHC and antigen bind in ER

Back 2

Class I

Front 3

MHC Class ___ : Endocytic pathway, MHC and antigen bind in lysosome

Back 3

Class II

Front 4

What prevents MHC Class II from binding peptides in the ER?

Back 4

the invariant chain covers the ag binding site

Front 5

TH1 cells activate _______ and TH2 cells activate _______

Back 5

macrophages; B cells

Front 6

MHC Class ___ : Cytosolic pathway, intracellular antigen, MHC and antigen bind in ER

Back 6

Class I

Front 7

MHC Class ___ : Endocytic pathway, MHC and antigen bind in lysosome

Back 7

Class II

Front 8

What prevents MHC Class II from binding peptides in the ER?

Back 8

the invariant chain covers the ag binding site

Front 9

T/F: The B cell Ag receptor (membrane bound Ab) is the sole mediator for signal transduction.

Back 9

False. Upon Ag binding, the Ag receptor associates with the Ig-alpha/Ig-beta heterodimer which has a cytoplasmic Immunoreceptor Tyrosine Based Activation Motif (ITAM) which transduces signals

Front 10

CD4 binds to MHC Class ___ while CD8 binds to MHC Class ___

Back 10

CD4 binds to MHC Class __II__ while CD8 binds to MHC Class __I__

Front 11

T cell receptors bind to Ag and are co-localized with ______ which can phosphorylate the ______.

Back 11

tyrosine kinases phosphorylate ITAMs which lead to kinase signaling pathways

Front 12

For both T and B cells, if they are stimulated through their Ag receptor and do not receive other signal, what happens is that they will be rendered _______ and they will undergo ________.

Back 12

anergic; apoptosis

Front 13

Describe signal 2 in T-cell activation

Back 13

B7 on APC binds to CD28 on T cell

Front 14

T-cell activation upregulates ____ secretion and receptors, leading to autocrine function.

Back 14

IL-2

Front 15

What is the inhibitory signal for T-cells?

Back 15

CTLA-4

Front 16

TH1 cells produce ____ cytokine and activate _________

Back 16

IFN-gamma, macrophages and delayed type hypersensitivity

Front 17

TH1 activates an immune response that offers protection against:

Back 17

intracellular organisms

Front 18

TH2 activates an immune response that offers offers protection against:

Back 18

extracellular organisms

Front 19

IL-2 is responsible for:

Back 19

T-cell proliferation and survival

Front 20

IFN-gamma is produced by _____ and activates _____

Back 20

TH1 cells, macrophages

Front 21

____ is produced by macrophages and T-cells and suppresses T-cell response

Back 21

TGF-beta

Front 22

When naive cells are exposed to TGF-beta, they then become ________ (1), but if they are exposed to TGF-beta and IL-6 they become _______ (1).

Back 22

(1) T-regulatory cells which are active in immunosuppression (2) TH17 which are pro-inflammatory

Front 23

B7-CD28 binding is a co-stimulates:

Back 23

T cells

Front 24

CD40-CD40L interactions provide costimulation for:

Back 24

B cells

Front 25

B7 is on the ____ and CD40L is on the ______.

Back 25

B7 is on the B CELL and CD40L is on the T CELL.

Front 26

B-cells diffentiate into ____-secreting plasma cells under the influence of IL-4. Thus, if you block IL-4, you block the ______ response

Back 26

IgE antibodies; allergic response

Front 27

What two types of bonding is most important for Ag-Ab bonds?

Back 27

Non-covalent: Hydrogen bonds and van Der Waals forces

Front 28

an increase in affinity due to multivalent bonding is:

Back 28

avidity

Front 29

synonym of pruritis

Back 29

itchiness

Front 30

Type II Hypersensitivity is mediated by ___ and ___.

Back 30

Fc receptors and Complement mediated cytolysis

Front 31

Type ____ Hypersensitivity is mediated by antibodies againsts intrinsic antigens or extrinsic antigens adsorbed on cell surfaces or extracellular matrix

Back 31

Type II Hypersensitivitity

Front 32

Type III hypersensitivity is mediated by:

Back 32

Ag-Ab complexes (immune complexes) that form either in the circulation or at sites of ag deposition

Front 33

Describe serum sickness:

Back 33

A Type III hypersensitivity reaction involving systemic immune complexes and vascular inflamation

Front 34

Describe Arthus reaction

Back 34

A localized type III hypersensitivity reaction

Front 35

Type IV Hypersensitivity is ___-cell mediated. Is it related to intra- or extracellular bacterial infections?

Back 35

T-cell; intracellular

Front 36

___-cell deficiency is seen in DiGeorge Syndrome.

Back 36

T-cell deficiency

Front 37

Two cells, ___ and ___, produce ___ which activates macrophages.

Back 37

Natural Killer cells and CD8 T cells produce IFN-gamma which activates macrophages

Front 38

The principal mechanism of injury dude to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus:

Back 38

immune complex deposition

Front 39

CD40-CD40L interactions provide costimulation for:

Back 39

B cells

Front 40

B7 is on the ____ and CD40L is on the ______.

Back 40

B7 is on the B CELL and CD40L is on the T CELL.

Front 41

B-cells diffentiate into ____-secreting plasma cells under the influence of IL-4. Thus, if you block IL-4, you block the ______ response

Back 41

IgE antibodies; allergic response

Front 42

What two types of bonding is most important for Ag-Ab bonds?

Back 42

Non-covalent: Hydrogen bonds and van Der Waals forces

Front 43

an increase in affinity due to multivalent bonding is:

Back 43

avidity

Front 44

synonym of pruritis

Back 44

itchiness

Front 45

Type II Hypersensitivity is mediated by ___ and ___.

Back 45

Fc receptors and Complement mediated cytolysis

Front 46

Type ____ Hypersensitivity is mediated by antibodies againsts intrinsic antigens or extrinsic antigens adsorbed on cell surfaces or extracellular matrix

Back 46

Type II Hypersensitivitity

Front 47

Type III hypersensitivity is mediated by:

Back 47

Ag-Ab complexes (immune complexes) that form either in the circulation or at sites of ag deposition

Front 48

Describe serum sickness:

Back 48

A Type III hypersensitivity reaction involving systemic immune complexes and vascular inflamation

Front 49

Describe Arthus reaction

Back 49

A localized type III hypersensitivity reaction

Front 50

Type IV Hypersensitivity is ___-cell mediated. Is it related to intra- or extracellular bacterial infections?

Back 50

T-cell; intracellular

Front 51

___-cell deficiency is seen in DiGeorge Syndrome.

Back 51

T-cell deficiency

Front 52

Two cells, ___ and ___, produce ___ which activates macrophages.

Back 52

Natural Killer cells and CD8 T cells produce IFN-gamma which activates macrophages

Front 53

The principal mechanism of injury dude to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus:

Back 53

immune complex deposition

Front 54

What kind of defect is seen in X-linked Agammaglobulinemia of Bruton and what type of infections result?

Back 54

lack of mature B cells and bacterial infections result

Front 55

How is T-cell activation blocked?

Back 55

CTLA4-Ig therapy. CTLA4-Ig binds to B7 on B cells, preventing CD28 binding

Front 56

How is B-cell activation blocked?

Back 56

Anti-CD40L therapy. Anti-CD40L binds to CD40L on T cells, preventing CD40 binding.

Front 57

MHC Class ___ are found exclusively on Ag presenting cells (B cells, macrophages, dendritic cells)

Back 57

II

Front 58

T/F: MHC Class I are found on most cells in the human body.

Back 58

True

Front 59

Does serum albumin increase or decrease during acute inflamation?

Back 59

Decrease. Albumin is a negative acute phase protein.

Front 60

What is an example of a positive acute phase protein?

Back 60

alpha globulins

Front 61

Punched out lesions of the clavicles, ribs, and skull; large percentage of immature plasma cells in the bone marrow; electrophoretic monoclonal spike----these signs suggest a ________

Back 61

monoclonal gammopathy

Front 62

____ cells produce _____ which in turn activates macrophages, which are good at controlling intracellular infections.

Back 62

TH1; IFN-gamma

Front 63

____ cells produce cytokines such as ______ which activate mast cells and basophils which help control parasitic infections.

Back 63

TH2; IL-4 and IL-5

Front 64

_____ cells produce ____ which recruits neutrophils, which are important for control of extracellular bacteria and fungi.

Back 64

TH17; IL-17

Front 65

________ is induced by viral infections which activate ________.

Back 65

Type 1 interferon, IFN-alpha and IFN-beta; NK cells and macrophages