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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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IgG Functions (4)
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opsonize
ADCC activate complement the only Ig that crosses placenta |
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IgA Function
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secretory (mucosal) immunity
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primary antibody response
fixes complement |
IgM
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IgE function
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Basophil and mast cell sensitization
Type I immediate hypersensitivity |
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IgD
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Antigen Recognition by B cell
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Papain digestion results in how many fragments?
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3 - Fab, Fab and Fc
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Pepsin digestion results in how many fragments?
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2 - Fab2 and Fc
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Whic HLA class has a beta-2 microglobulin?
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Class I
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Which HLA class is associated with DR, DQ and DP?
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Class II
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Which HLA class is found only on B cells, macrophages, dendritic cell (i.e. cells that interact directly with T helper cells?)
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Class II
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The immunoglobulin involved in the primary humoral immune response is
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IgM
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The immunoglobulins involved in the humoral secondar response is
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IgA, IgG, or IgE depending on type of infection
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Th1 cells secrete these (2) cytokines in order to favor proliferation and differentiation of cytotoxic T cells and macros
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IL-2 and IFN-gamma
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Th2 cells secrete these (4) cytokines in order to favor the development of the humoral response.
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IL-4,5,6, and 10
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The Th1 and Th2 cells supress each other by which cytokines?
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Th1 --> IFN-gamma
Th2 --> IL-10 |
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The TCR binds an antigen presented by an APC via its MHC molecule. What other (3) moleculres are expressed on the T cell? What do they bind?
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CD28 binds B7 (most important)
CD2 (LFA-1) binds LFA-3 CD3 binds nothing but signals intracellularly to activate the T cell. |
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Which genetic immunodeficiency is caused by a defective tyrosine kinase (btk) located on the X chromosome?
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Bruton agammaglobulinemia
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Colony stimulating Factors
IL-3 and GM-CSF stimulate: M-CSF stimulates: G-CSF stimulates |
IL-3 and GM-CSF stimulate all stem cells
M-CSF stimulates macrophages G-CSF stimulates neutrophils |
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Functions of TGF-beta (4)
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chemoattract macrophages
cause macrophages to make IL's induce class switching to IgA inhibit growth of marrow stem cells |
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C4b2a is also known as
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C3 convertase from the classical complement pathway
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What activates the classical complement pathway?
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Antibody bound to antigen (IgG or IgM)
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Which C proteins are unique to the classical pathway?
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C1, C2 and C4
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C4b2a3b is otherwise known as?
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C5 convertase
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Which two C proteins are weak anaphylatoxins?
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C2a and C4a (2 and 4 are weak)
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Which two C proteins are strong anaphylatoxins?
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C3a and C5a
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Which C protein is a potent chemotaxin?
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C5a
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Which C protein is a potent opsonin?
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C3b
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How is the alternative pathway activated?
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Exposure to microbial surfaces (cell walls), endotoxins, aggregated Ig.
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Describe the schematic of the alternative pathway?
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Factor D (stimulated by cell wall etc.) cleaves Protein B (analogous to C2) into Bb. C3b + B + D + properdin --> C3bBb(P) is C3 convertase
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C3 deficiency
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increased susceptibility to pyogenic infections
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C2 deficiency
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increased incidence of connective tissue disorders (Tissue Two)
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C5-8 deficiency
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recurrent Neisseria infections (meningococcal, gonococcal)
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C1 esterase inhibitory defeciency
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hereditary angioedema
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IL-1
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stimulates T cells to secrete IL-2 and IL-2 receptors
pyogenic made my Macros and other APCs |
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TNF
TNF-alpha (cachetin) is made by: TNF-beta (lymphotoxin) is made by: |
principle mediator to gram-negative bacteria
alpha- macrophages beta- T cells |
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IL-2
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produced by activated T cells to stimulate itself (positive feedback) and other B cells
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Deficiency of the gamma chain of IL-2 causes
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SCID
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IL-3
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secreted by T cells and stimulates bone marrow stem cells
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Th2 cells produce these (3) cytokines to signal for maturation and class switching
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IL-4, 5 and 6
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IL-4
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produced by Th2 cells
class switching to IgE stimulates mast cells |
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IL-5 stimulates which class switching?
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to IgA
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Which cytokine stimulates production of acute-phase reactants?
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IL-6
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Which interleukin inhibits interferon synthesis by Th1 cells?
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IL-10
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IFN-gamma is produced by which cells?
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Th1 cells
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IFN-gamma produced by Th1 cells stimulates which cells?
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macrophages,NK cells. Note it inhibits Th2 cells the same way IL-10 inhibits Th1 cells.
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Which T cells are involved in Type IV and Type II Hypersensitivity reactions?
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Th1 cells - there was a question on how increased levels of IL-10 from Th2 cells might suppress this allergic process.
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What is the pathogenesis of goodpastures syndrome
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antibodies directed against the basement membrane in the lung and in the kidney
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what is the pathologic mechanism of bullous phemphigoid?
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antibodies directed against the basement membrane in the skin
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Bullous phemphigoid and goodpastures syndrome are examples of this type of hypersensitivity
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type 2
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pathogenesis of hereditary angioedema
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inadequate C1 esterase inhibitory activity
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Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is hydrops fetalis?
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type II - cytotoxic
antibodies against the body's cells or receptors |
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Which type of hypersensitivity response develops in response to fungal, viral, and intracellular bacteria pathogens and involves CD4 helper T cells but does not involve antibody?
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delayed
type IV |
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Where are genetic allowtypes (helpful in paternity cases) found?
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IgG1, IgG2, and IgG3 heavy chains
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What kind of cells are found in chronic inflammation in diseases such as RA?
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lymphocytes and plasma cells
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Intracellular pathogens such as chlamydia elicit what kind of response?
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cytotoxic TH1-cell mediated (CD8+)
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Neutrophil infiltration causes pus and abscesses as a response to what kind of pathogens?
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extracellular
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MHC I antigen loading occurs in
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RER (viral antigens)
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MHC II antigen loading occurs in
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acidified endosome (extracellular pathogens)
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IL that is a major chemotactic factor for neutrophils
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IL-8
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MHC II and CD14 are found on these cells
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macrophages
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Receptors for MHC I and CD16 are found on
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NK cells
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3 molecules released in the acute phase response
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IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-alpha
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complement defends against this kind of infection
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gram negative bacteria
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deficiency of decay-accelerating factof (DAC) leads to
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PNH
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what moleculres inhibit viral protein synthesis, increased MHC expression, and activate NK cells?
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interferons alpha, beta, and gamma
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hypersensitivity pnuemonitis caused by thermophilic actinomycetes is an example of this kind of reaction
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arthus
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Antigen variation is seen on salmonella by
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two flagerllar variants
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antigen variation in influenza
major is called minor is called |
major = shift
minor = drift |
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trypanosomes have antigen variation via
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programmed rearrangement
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antihistone
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drug-induced lupus
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anti-IgG
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RA
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antineutrophil
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vasculitis
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anticentromere
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scleroderma (CREST)
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anti-Scl-70
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scleroderma (diffuse)
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antimitochondrial
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PBC
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anti-epithelial cells
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phemphigus vulgaris
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antimicrosomal
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hashimotos
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