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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the major source of IL-1?
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macrophages and monocytes, many non-immune cells and organs
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What is the major source of IL-2?
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Th1 and CD8
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What is the major source of IL-3?
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T cells, Mast cells, basophils
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What is the major source of IL-4?
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Th2, Mast cells, basophils, eosinophils
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What is the major source of IL-5?
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Th2, Mast cells, Eosinophils
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What is the major source of IL-6?
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Macrophages and monocytes, Th2, many non-immune cells and organs
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What is the major source of IL-7?
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bone marrow stromal cells and thymic epithelial cells
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What is the major source of IL-8?
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macrophages and monocytes, dendritic cells, many non-immune sources
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What is the major source of IL-10?
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T-Regs (CD4,25,FoxP3), Th2, and B cells
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What is the major source of IL-12?
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macrophages and monocytes and dendritic cells
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What is the major source of IL-13?
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Th2, Mast cells, basophils, eosinophils
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What is the major source of IL-17?
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CD3,4 Effector cells
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What is the major source of IL-18?
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macrophages and monocytes and many non-immune cells
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What is the major source of IFN-α?
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fibroblasts
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What is the major source of IFN-β?
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fibroblasts
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What is the major source of IFN-γ?
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Th1, NK cells, CD8 cells
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What is the major source of TNF-α?
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macrophages and monocytes, NK and many other cells
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What is the major source of TNF-β?
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mainly Th1
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What are the main actions of IL-1?
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Proinflammatory
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What are the main actions of IL-2?
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Th1, T-reg, CD8, and NK growth
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What are the main actions of IL-3?
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Multilineage hemopoietic stem cell growth
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What are the main actions of IL-4?
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Stimulates B and Th2
Stimulates IgG4 and IgE switch |
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What are the main actions of IL-5?
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Growth of eosinophils and B cells
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What are the main actions of IL-6?
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B, T, NK cell growth
Pro and Anti-inflammatory Regulation of endocrine/metabolic functions |
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What are the main actions of IL-7?
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Growth of late pro-B/early pre-B and immature thymocytes, exp.γ cells
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What are the main actions of IL-8?
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proinflammatory, neutrophil activation and chemotactic
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What are the main actions of IL-10?
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Potent down regulator of Th1.
Promotes B-cell growth and isotype switching. |
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What are the main actions of IL-12?
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Critical activator of NK responsiveness and Th1 development
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What are the main actions of IL-13?
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Mimics IL-4 and promotes IgE
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What are the main actions of IL-17?
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High concentration in autoimmune inflammation
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What are the main actions of IL-18?
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Increase INF-γ, increase IL-12R
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What are the main actions of IFN-α?
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activate NK cells
activate CD8 memory cells |
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What are the main actions of IFN-β?
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activate NK cells
activate CD8 memory cells |
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What are the main actions of IFN-γ?
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Potent M/M activator
Upregulator MHC I/II Promotes IgG (during Th1 reactions), NK activator |
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What are the main actions of TNF-α?
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Strongly Proinflammatory
Apoptosis M/M activator Neutrophil activator |
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What are the main actions of TNF-β?
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Lymphoid Organogenesis and homeostasis
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What are the antagonists of IFN-α?
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TGF-β
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What are the antagonists of IFN-β?
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TGF-β
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What are the antagonists of IFN-γ?
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IL-10, IL-4, TGF-β
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What are the antagonists of TNF-α?
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TGF-β?
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What are the antagonists of TNF-β?
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?
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What are the antagonists of IL-1?
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IL-1 RA
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What are the antagonists of IL-2?
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TGF-β
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What are the antagonists of IL-3?
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TGF-β
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What are the antagonists of IL-4?
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IFN-γ
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What are the antagonists of IL-5?
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IFN-γ
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What are the antagonists of IL-6?
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?
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What are the antagonists of IL-7?
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?
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What are the antagonists of IL-8?
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?
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What are the antagonists of IL-10?
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IFN-γ
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What are the antagonists of IL-12?
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IL-10
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What are the antagonists of IL-13?
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IFN-γ
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What are the antagonists of IL-17?
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activation inhibited by IFN-γ and IL-4
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What are the antagonists of IL-18?
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IL-10?
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What do coricosteroids do for inflammation?
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They are anti-inflammatory and can convert leprosy to a more lethal form.
They suppress IL-1, IL-6, TNF-gamma. |
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What is the direct connection between the CNS and the immune system?
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Neuronal innervation of the primary and secondary lymphoid organs and the adrenal medulla.
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What is the indirect connection between the CNS and the immune system?
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Neuroendocrine (hormonal) communication.
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What neurotransmitters and neuropeptides are released in response to physical and psychological stressors?
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Catecholamines: EPI, NE
GABA ACH Serotonin |
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Which lymphoid tissues are stimulated by noradrenergic fibers?
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Bone marrow, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes
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Which lymphoid tissues are stimulated by cholinergic fibers?
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Thymus
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Which lymphoid tissues are stimulated by peptidergic fibers?
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Thymus, lymph node
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What hormones, neuropeptides, and neurotransmitters have effects on the immune system?
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cortisol
EPI, NE beta-endorphins enkephalins |
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What affects does cortisol have on the immune system?
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anti-inflammatory (reducing cytokine production, B,T, NK cell activity)
increases metabolism by increasing gluconeogenesis |
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What affects do EPI and NE have on the immune system?
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increases leukocyte mobilization
increases NK cell activity |
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What affects do endorphins and enkephalins have on the immune system?
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increased T cell reactivity, and NK cell activity
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How do stress responses vary?
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Type (physical or psychological), intensity, duration (acute or chronic).
Can be seen as either a challenge or a threat; a stimulus or a response. |
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What are the two main types of stress?
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Acute controllable emotional or mental stress
Chronic uncontrollable negative stress |
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Individuals with acute stress exhibit what responses?
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Immediate: increase in heart rate, catecholamines (EPI,NE), and cortisol (slower), circulating mononuclear cells, NK cell activity
Delayed: localization of mononuclear cells to lymph nodes |
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What do low cortisol levels do to DTH responses?
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enhance them
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What do high cortisol levels do to DTH responses?
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depress them
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Individuals who are chronically stressed exhibit what characteristics?
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decreased cytokine production (IL-1)
decreased antibody production decreased cytokine response to disease increased morbidity of disease |
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Which cytokines directly affect the CNS and how do they do so?
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IL-1
TNF IL-6 They change the firing frequency of nerves and influence the secretion of neuroendocrine factors (esp. ACTH production) |
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What can the immune system activate within the CNS?
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Stimulate production of ACTH, beta-endorphins, and enkephalins
Cause sickness behavior |
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What is sickness behavior?
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The modifications of behaviors as a result of signals from the immune system such as cytokines via circulation and vagal nearve stimulation.
Causes fever, headache, joint pain, anorexia, and lethargy. |
