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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 3 major types of lymphocytes?
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Lymphocytes, T cells, and B cells
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_____ was responsible for the _______ theory which stated that antibody-producing cells have surface molecules (side chains) that can bind to antigens and that binding to a specific side chain causes the cell to produce more of the same side chain and to release these side chains into the serum as antibodies.
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Paul Ehrlich, selective theory.
More on the selective theory:it states that the body creates many different sidechains on antibodies, and the antigen "selects" the correct antibody; in other words, the body creates every possible permutation of chemical sidechain-specific antibodies, and when an antigen enters the body, it is matched up with antibodies that correspond to its epitopes. |
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The _____ theory states that the antigen itself caused antibodies to fold around the antigen in a certain way; this theory was later disproven
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instructional
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_____ is liquid, noncellular component of blood after coagulation has occured (and thus devoid of clotting factors).
a. serum b. antigen c. antibody d. immunoglobin |
a. serum
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_____ is a serum fraction (aka gamma globulin) that has antitoxin, precipitin, and agglutin factors (abbreviation: Ig)
a. serum b. antigen c. antibody d. immunoglobin |
d. immunoglobin
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_____ is an --"Antibody Generator"; a foreign organism or molecule that generates a humoral immune response, causing the release of antibodies (abbreviation: Ag)
a. serum b. antigen c. antibody d. immunoglobin |
b. antigen
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______ is the molecular sidechain of an antigen that each antibody attaches to; there can be many ______ on a single antigen
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epitope, epitopes
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_____ is the refined, Y-shaped proteins that make up the immunoglobulin fraction of serum; antibodies are specific to certain foreign bodies; antibodies can be membrane-bound or free in the serum (abbreviation: Ab)
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antibody
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Describe the clonal selection theory and the individuals responsible for it.
Hint:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clonal_selection_theory |
Niels Jerne, David Talmadge, and F. Macfarlane Burnete. An individual lymphocyte expresses membrane receptiors that are specific for a distinctive antigen.
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Immunology the clonal selection theory, which states that an individual lymphocyte (specifically, a B cell) expresses receptors specific to the distinct antigen, determined before the antibody ever encounters the antigen. Binding of Ag to a cell activates the cell, causing a proliferation of clone daughter cells. |
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Which component of immunity is more specific: innate or adaptive?
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Adaptive is more specific; innate immunity provides the first line of dedense against infection. (skin- macrophages, neutrophils, etc)
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____ immunity responds with a high degree of specicifty and memory.
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Adaptive
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How long does it take to elicit an adaptice immune response against an antigen?
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Within 5 - 6 days afrer the exposure
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List the four types of defense barriers in relation to innate immunity.
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anatomic, physiologic, phagocytic, inflammatory
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_____ consists of lactic acid and fatty acid which helps the skin to maintain a pH b/T 3-5 thus inhibiting the growth of most microorganisms.
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Sebum
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____ and ____ allow bacteria to adhere to mucous membranes.
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Fimbriae or pili
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Physiologic barriers to infection include ______ and _____.
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general conditions and specific molecules
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List some soluble factors that contribute to innate immunity.
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Lysozyme, interferon, and complement.
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_____ is a hydrolytic enzemte that can cleave the peptidoglycan layer of the bacterial cell wall.
a. lysozyme b. interferon c. complement |
a. lysozyme
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____ has the ability to bind to nearby cells and induce a gneralized antiviral state; these proteins are produces by virus-infected cells.
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b. interferon
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____ is a group of serum proteins that is converted from an inactive state to an active state by specific and nonspecific immunologic mechanisms.
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c. complement
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______ are soluble pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) belonging to the superfamily of collagen containing C-type lectins
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Collectins
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____ is the ability to recognize a given class of molecules.
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Pattern recognition
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Pattern recognition is a component of ______ immunity.
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innate
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Which toll like receptor recognizes LPS (lipopolysaccharide) which is found on Gram-negative bacteria?
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TLR2
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