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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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bacteria
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-nonnucleated
-single-cell micro-organisms -self-equipped with all machinery essential for their OWN survival and reproduction |
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leukocytes
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-white blood cells/ WBCs
-responsible for the different immune defence strategies -present in blood only transiently -originate in bone marrow, then released into blood *Neutrophils *Eosinophils *Basophils *Monocytes *Lymphocytes (B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes) |
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Neutrophils
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-highly mobile
-phagocytic specialists -ungulf and destroy unwanted materials |
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Eosinophils
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-secrete chemicals
-destroy parasitic worms 0involved in allergic manifestations |
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Basophils
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-release histamine and heparin
-involved in allergic manifestations |
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Monocytes
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-transformed into macrophages
*large, tissue-bound phagocytic specialists |
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Lymphocytes
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-2 types
-arise in part from lymphocyte colonies in various lymphoid tissues originally populated by cells derived from bone marrow *B lymphocytes- tranformed into plasma cells, secrete antibodies and indirectly lead to the destruction of foreign material *T lymphocytes- cell-mediated immunity involving direct destruction of virus-invaded cells and mutant cells through nonphagocytic means |
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lymphoid tissues
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-tissues that produce, store, or process lymphocytes (bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, tonsils, adenoids, appendix, and lymphoid tissue lining the digestive tract called "Peyer's patches" or "gut-associated lymphoid tissue; GALT")
-tissues located to intercept invading micro-organisms before they have a chance to spread |
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lymph nodes
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-filter potential pathogens that gain access to lymph
-pathogens exposed to pymphocytes and macrophages that line lymphatic pathways -spleen, largest lymphoid tissue |
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thymus and bone marrow
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-important roles in processing T and B lymphocytes to prepare them to carry out their specific immune strategies
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innate immune system
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-encompasses the body's nonspecific immune responses that some into play IMMEDIATELY on exposure to threatening agent
-inherent (build-in) befense mechanisms that nonselectively defend against foreign or abnormal material -first line of defense against infections agents, chemical irritants, and tissue injury from mechanical trauma and burns -born with it -plasme proteins, neutrophils, macrophages (phagocytic specialists) are important *inflammation *interferon (family of proteins that nonespecifically defend against virual infection) *Natural killer cells (special calss of lymphocyte-like sells that spontaneously and nonspecifically lyse and destroy virus-infected host cells and cancer cellsw) *the complement system (group of inactive plasma proteins thatn, when activated, bring about destruction of foreign cells by attacking plasma mems) |
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toll-like receptors (TRLs)
(innate immune sys) |
-toll-like receptors (TLRs) (type of plasma mem) "eyes of the innate immune sys"
-recognize and with with the telltale pathogen markers -allows effector cells of innate immune sys to "see" pathogens as distinct from celf-cells -triggers the pagocyte to engulf and destroy the infectious micro-organism -induces the phagocytic cell to secrete chemicals (inflammation) -link innate and adaptive -foreign particles marked for phagocytic ingestion by being coated with antibodies produced by the B cells of adaptive immune sys. |
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adaptive immune system
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-responces mediated by the B and T lymphocytes
-each B and T can recognize and defend against only ONE particular type of foreign material (ie. 1 type of bacterium) -"specially trained military personnel" -chosen lymphocytes multiply, expanding the pool of speicalists that can launch a highly targeted attack against the invader -ultimate weapon against most pathogens -system acquires an ability to more efficiently eradicate a particular foe when rechallenged by the same pathogen in the future -establishing a pool of MEMORY CELLS as a result of an encounter with a given pathogen; subsequent exposure to the same agent means it can more swiftly defent against the invader |
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inflammation
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-refers to innate, nonspecific series of highly interrelated events that are set into motion in response to foreign invasion, tissue damage, or both
-goal is to bring the invaded/injured area phagocytes and plasma proteins that can 1.isolate, destroy, or inactivate the invaders 2. remove debris 3. prepare for subsequent healing and repair *defense by resident tissue macrophages *localized vasodilation *increased capillary permeability *localized edema *walling off of the inflamed area *emigration of leukocytes *leukocyte proliferation *marking of bacteria for destruction by opsonins *leukocytic destruction of bacteria *mediation of the inflammatory response by phagocyte-secreted chemicals *tissue repair ETC. p 416-423 |
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antigen
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-a large, complex, unique molecule tha ttriggers a specific immine response against itself when it gains entry into the body
-more complex=greater its antigenicity -foreign proteins most common antigens b/c of size and structural complexity -may exist as isolated molecules (bacterial toxins) -or may be integral part of a multimolecular structure |
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NSAIDS
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-nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs
-eliminated from body by means of the proximal tubule organic-ion secretory systems |
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virulence
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-the ease-producing power of a pathogen
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NK (Natural Killer Cells)
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-naturally occuring
-lymphocyte-like cells -nonspecifically destroy virus-infected cells and cancer cells by DIRECTLY lysing their membranes upon first exposure -similer to cytotoxic T cells -immediate, nonspecific defense against virus-inecvaded cells and cancer cells before the more specific and more abundant cytotoxic T cells |
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opsonins
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-body-produced chemical that links bacteria to macrophages, thereby making the bacteria more susceptible to phagocytosis
-most important are antibodies and one of the activated proteins of the complement system - |
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interferon
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-a chemical released from virus-invaded calls that provides nonspecific resistance to viral infections by transiently interfering with replication of the same or unrelated viruses in other host cells
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