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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Prokaryotes
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Bacteria
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Prokaryotes Genetic Material
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ds circular DNA
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Plasmids
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Extrachromosomal DNA
-Toxins or Enzymes -Inc. Virulence of microorganism |
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Mode of Locomotion
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Flagella
Composed of: Filament Hook= allows filament to rotate |
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Mode of Attachment
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Fimbria and Pili
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Fimbria
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hair-liked
used to attach to host cell |
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Pili
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hollow tube used during conjugation
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Glycocalyx
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On surface of bacteria
-Prevents from dehydration and Nutrient Loss |
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Tight Glycocalyx
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Slippery and loose
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Capsule
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glycocalyx tightly attached
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Cell Wall
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Peptidoglycan Linkages
NAG + NAM |
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Antibiotic that blocks NAG-NAM linkages
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Penicillin
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Characteristics of gram (+) cell wall
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1. Stains Purple
2. THICK peptidoglycan 3. Acid Polysaccharides -Teichoic Acid= provides rigidity |
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Characterisitcs of gram (-) cell wall
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1. Stains Pink
2. THIN peptidoglycan 3. Outer Membrane (LPS) |
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Characteristics of mycobacteria
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Mycolic acids imbedded in peptidoglycan
More resistant to drying out |
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Mycoplasma
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Lacks cell wall= no peptidoglycan
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Endospore Formation
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Formed when the bacteria have exhausted the nutrient supply
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Spore characteristics
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-Thick coat
-Undergoes dehydration via addition of dipicolinic acid and calcium |
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Bacteria that produce endospores
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Bacillus
Clostridium |
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Mutation
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Changes in the genome via:
-point mutations -additions/deletions |
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Recombination occurs via
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Transformation
Transduction Conjugation Transposition |
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Eukaryotes
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Cells are larger and more complex than prokaryotes
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Nucleus contains
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DNA carried on chromosomes
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Organelles
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ER
Golgi Mitochondria Chloroplast Lysosome/peroxisome Cytoskeleton |
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ER
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Rough: Site of protein synethsis
Smooth: Site of protein modification |
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Golgi
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"Mail-room"
Protein sorting/packaging/shipping |
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Mitochondria
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ATP Syn.
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Chloroplast
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Photosynthesis
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Lysosome/Peroxisome
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Enzymes to degrade proteins
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Fungi
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Molds
Yeasts |
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Molds
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Multicellular
Multinucleate |
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Hyphae
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Long filaments
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Mycelium
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Colony of mold visible to the eye
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Yeasts
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unicellular
ovoid cells |
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Yeast divide via
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budding
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Protozoa
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Lack cell walls
arthropods |
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Growing Protozoa
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Trophozoite
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Cyst
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Dormant form of protozoa
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Intracellular
vs Extracellular |
Enter host cells
Live between host cells |
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Helminths
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parasitic worm
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3 Main groups of Helminths
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1. Tapeworm (Cestoda)
2. Flukes (Trematoda) 3. Roundworms (nematoda) |
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Viruses
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NOT CELLS
carry DNA or RNA |
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Genetics Material Contained within
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Capsid
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