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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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primary immunoglobin produced in a primary response
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IgM
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primary immunoglobin produced in a secondary response.
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IgG
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what kind of immune reponse is acute inflammation, epithelial barriers, phagocytic cells, and dendritic cells?
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innate immune response
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what is an adaptive immune response?
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lymphocytes and their products (antibodies and cytokines).
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what are the two categories of an adaptive immune response?
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humoral, and cell mediated
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sensitized lymphocytes specific for a given antigen are what type of adaptive immune response?
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cell-mediated
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name 3 characteristics of a good antigen
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large molecular weight > 100,000 Da, complex (usually protein some polysaccharides), foreign to the body
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small protein can combine with _____ to form______ which will be antigenic.
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carrier molecules, hapten-carrier complex
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what is the recognition site on an antigen?
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epitope
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condition where protein from the lens leak and cause an immune reaction--often will occur in both eyes.
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sympathetic opthalmia
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example of an organ specific antigen in the eye.
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sympathetic opthalmia
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displays peptide framgement sfor recognition by antigen specific T cells
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Major Histocompatibility Complex (HLA) or (MHC)
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provides the recognition for self versus foreign molecules
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MHC class 1
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where is MHC class 1 expressed?
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all nucleated cells in the body and on platelets
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graft rejection, viral infections and tumor cells are associated with what T cells?
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CD8, cytotoxic T cells
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activate the immune system with CD 4 (helper T cells)
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MHC class II
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MHC loci code for ____,_____,______ and ____
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cytokines, complement components, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and the education of T cells to tolerate self
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name the antigen presenting cells for MHC II
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macrophages, B lymphocytes, and dendritic cells
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what HLA allele is associated with anklyosing spondylitis? what is anklyosing spondylitis associated with in the eye?
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HLA-B27, uveitis
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structure of an antibody
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2 heavy and 2 light chains, joined by a disulfide bond, 2 framents Fab and Fc
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what accounts for antibody diversity in the body?
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multiple inherited genes for the variable region of the heavy and light chains. Also rearrangments of teh V, J and D segments of the genome, and somatic mutations
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most common immunoglobulin in the blood and fluids.
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IgG
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IgG is reponsible for what actions in immunity?
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humoral response, opsonization and fixing of complement
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Immunoglobulin found in mucous membranes including the tear film
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IgA
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____ is the first immunoglublin to the site of infection. This immunoglobulin is a ______ (shape).
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IgM, pentamer (largest immunoglobulin
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Immunoglobulin found on teh surface of a B cell? what is the structure?
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IgD, monomer
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immunoglobulin associated with allergies. Leads to the degranulation of _____cells which release_____. Also function in _____ infections
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IgE, mast cells, histamine, parasitic
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6 effects of the release of histamine and arachidonic acid
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vasodilation, vasopermeability, mucus secretion, chemotaxis, smooth muscle constriciton, increased pain response
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what antibody and complement particle function in opsinization?
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IgG and complement C3b
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name 3 functions of T cells
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releasing cytokines to direct the immune response, cytotoxic and suppressor functions
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2 types of cells lymphocytes can differentiate into during an immune response.
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effector or memory cells
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name the generative and peripheral lymphoid tissues. what is the abbreviation for these associated tissues of the body? the eye?
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generative: thymus and bone marrow
peripheral: lymph nodes and spleen MALT, CALT |
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B cells differentiate into ____ cells.
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plasma
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CD21 is associated with what virus? why is this a problem?
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Epstein Barr Virus, which is associated with cancer. Can cause activation of the B cell which may lead to polyclonal activity--producing antibody to all different things
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name the 3 classic examples of polyclonal activation and autoimmune conditions
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EBV-many autoimmune conditions
Klebsiellapneumoniae-ankylosing spondylitis Coxsackievirus B--DM type I |
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3 functions of CD4+
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release cytokines that direction many other cell types, help B cells differentiate into plasma cells, help CD8+ cytotoxic T cells differentiate
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receptor on the T cell that recognizes antigen on APC, what is the secondary signal that must be present?
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TCR, CD28
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IgG mediated cytotoxic hypersensitivity
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Type II
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Immune Complex-mediated hypersensitivity
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Type III
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Cell-mediated hypersensitivity
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Type IV
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IdE-mediated hypersensitivity
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Type I
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what type of hypersensitivity is a blood transfusion reaction, Rh factor, and autoimmune hemolytic anemia?
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Type II
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what type of hypersensitivity is localized arthus reaction and generalized reactions such as serum sickness, necrotizing vasculitis, glomerulnephritis, rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erthematosus?
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Type III
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systemic anaphylaxis, hay fever, asthma, hives, food allergies and eczema?
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Type I
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contact dermatitis, tubercular lesions and graft rejection?
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Type IV
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in type I Ag induces crosslinking of IgE bound to _____ and _____ with release of ______ ______.
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mast cells, basophils, vasoactive mediators
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In type II Ab directed against cell surface antigens mediates cell destruction via _______ _____ or ______
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complement activation or ADCC
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In type III Ag-Ab complexes induced complement activation how?
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massive infiltration of neutrophils
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In type IV sensitized ______ cells release cytokines that activate _____ or ______ celsl which mediate direct cellular damage
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T(DTH), activate macrophages or Tc cells
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what are the preformed mediators released by a mast cell?
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histamine and chemotactic factors
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Ca influx into cell cytoplasm causes the breakdown of cell membrane and leads to the release of what four factors?
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vasoactive amines, leukotrienes, prostaglandins, eosinophilic chemotactic factor
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Eosinophils release proteolytic enzymes, major basic protein and eosinophil cationic protein which break down tissue during _____phase reactions
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late
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Early phase reactions lead to the release of what? results from the release of each?
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histamine: edema, mucus secretion, smooth muscle spasm
prostaglandins, and leukotrienes: inflammation and bronchospasm Enzymes: tissue damage |
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Papillae are seen in _____ _____. Pt. may also have ptosis and photophobia.
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Vernal Conjunctivitis (type I)
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how do you treat vernal conjuctivitis?
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mast cell inhibitors, antihistamines, and if severe use a pulse of steroids
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Conjuctivitis that occurs in conjunction with contact lens wear, is a type I hypersensitivity.
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Giant Papillary conjuctivitis
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4 methods of treatment for Type I hypersensitivity
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antihistamines, mast cell inhibitors, corticosteroids, immunological intervention
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what are the threee subtypes of Type II?
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opsonization and phagocytosis, complement and Fc receptor-mediated inflammation, antibody-mediated cellular dysfunction
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what complement factor enhances oposinzation and leads to MAC attack?
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C3b
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name 2 examples of Type II Opsonization/Complement reaction
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Blood transfusion reactions, erthroblastosis fetalis
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bullous pemphigoid and Hashimoto's throiditis are examples of what type of hypersensitivity?
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Type II: Ab mediated cellular dysfunction
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what is the triad of Graves disease?
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goiter, hyperthyroidism, exopthalmos
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What auto-Ab is formed in Graves disease?
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Auto-Ab to TSH receptor
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Auto-Ab to ____ _____ and _____ are formed in Hashimoto's thyroiditis
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thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin
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Auto-Ab to _____ is formed in Myasthenia gravis, which acts by ____ ______ at the motor end plate
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acetylcholine, competitive inhibition
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