Immunology 1

Front 1

what are the characteristics of innate immunity?

Back 1

does not require prior exposure to pathogen, includes cellular and molecular mechanisms, 1st line of defense, not specialized

Hint 1

4 things

Front 2

what are the characteristics of adaptive (acquired) immunity?

Back 2

requires prior exposure to pathogen (through mom's milk or placenta), has memory and is compact, high antigen specificity, 2nd line of defense, self-nonself recognition

Hint 2

5 things

Front 3

Give an example of active in the naturally acquired type.

Back 3

infection i.e. contact with pathogen

Front 4

waht is the best type of acquired immunity to have?

Back 4

active

Front 5

give an example of passive naturally acquired.

Back 5

Abs passed from mother to fetus through placenta/milk

Front 6

give an example of active in the artificially acquired

Back 6

vaccination with dead or attenuated pathogen

Front 7

give an example of passive artificially acquired

Back 7

injection of immune serum (gamma globulin)

Front 8

which cells are phagocytic?

Back 8

blood monocytes, neutrophils, tissue macrophages (Kupfer cells, Langerhans cells)

Front 9

examples of anatomic and physiologic barriers?

Back 9

skin, mucous membranes, lysozymes, stomach pH, vaginal pH, saliva, perspiration

Front 10

examples of soluble proteins?

Back 10

interferon (critical in virus infected cells), complement factors, collectins

Front 11

the response time is quick, the specificity is limited and fixed, the response to repeat infection is identical to the primary response, the major components include the barriers (skin), phagocytes, pattern recognition molecules. Which type of immunity is this?

Back 11

innate

Front 12

What is the response time, specificity, response to repeat infection, and major components of the adaptive?

Back 12

RT: 2-5 dayts
specificity: highly diverse, improves during the course of immune response
response to repeat infection: much more rapid than primary response
major components: lymphocytes, antigen-specific receptors, antibodies

Front 13

2 examples of lymphocytes?

Back 13

B- and T-lymphocytes

Front 14

What do APCs do?

Back 14

interact with T cells

Front 15

Where do B cell mature?

Back 15

bone marrow

Front 16

What happens to B cells when they are exposed to Ag?

Back 16

rapid cell division into memory and effector B cells (plasma cells)

Front 17

What do plasma cells do?

Back 17

produce Ab

Front 18

Describe Abs

Back 18

glycoproteins, 2 identical polypeptide chains, H and L chains linked by disulfide bonds, Ag binds at the amino terminal end, soluble Ab (secreted by plasma cells) are the major effector molecules of humoral immunity

Front 19

where do you find a soluble Ab?

Back 19

circulating in the plasma

Front 20

describe B lymphocyte proliferation

Back 20

all blood cells start out as stem cells, gene rearrangement, clone out and branch off in peripheral lymphoid tissue into memory cells (number stays the same), Abs, plasma cells (secrete soluble Abs) eventually down regulate

Front 21

How many antigen specific Abs are there?

Back 21

10 to the 10

Front 22

Where are T lymphocytes made and where do they mature?

Back 22

bone marrow; thymus gland

Front 23

When T cells are mature what do they have?

Back 23

surface receptors (TCR)

Front 24

When naive T cells encounter Ag what does it result in?

Back 24

rapid cell division into memory T cells, Effector T cells including Th (CD4), Tc (CD8), Ts (suppressor)

Front 25

What do helper T lymphocytoes do?

Back 25

assist in multiple immune rxns, activation causes release of cytokines that activate B-lymphocytes, Tc, and macrophages, has CD4 glycoprotein marker on cell surface

Front 26

What do cytotoxic T lymphocytes do?

Back 26

kills Ag target directly, has CD8 glycoprotein marker on cell surface, eliminates virus infected, tumor, and non-self cells

Front 27

Which cell is responsible for transplantation rejections?

Back 27

cytotoxic T lymphocytes

Front 28

What are the major histocompatibility complexes?

Back 28

polymorphic glycoproteins found on cell membranes, also known as HLA (human leukocyte antigens)

Front 29

What are HLAs important in?

Back 29

blood donation/transplangs

Front 30

Where are MHC I found?

Back 30

on all body cells

Front 31

Where are MHC II found

Back 31

only expressed on APCs

Front 32

Who can have the same MHC I?

Back 32

identical twins

Front 33

What can MHC I do?

Back 33

detect viral infected cells and non self Ag

Front 34

What is the function of MHC II?

Back 34

to present Ag to Th cells to activate an immune response

Front 35

What do MHC II have?

Back 35

alpha and beta cains

Front 36

Where are processed Ag carried in MHC II?

Back 36

on cleft away from plasma membrane

Front 37

Give examples of APCs

Back 37

macrophages, B lymphocytes, dendritic cells

Front 38

What do APCs do?

Back 38

express class II MHC molecules, produce cytokines that cause Th cells to be activated, first phagocytoze or endocytoze Ag then display part of Ag on their membrane bound to class II MHC molecules

Front 39

What kind of cells do MHC I interact with

Back 39

Tc

Front 40

What kind of cells do MHC II interact with

Back 40

Th

Front 41

What hormones are immune stimulators?

Back 41

GH, prolactin, Substance P, insulin, estrogen

Front 42

Which hormones are immune supressors:

Back 42

ACTH, VIP, enkephalins