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82 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Immunology
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Study of the reaction when the host encounters a foreign substance |
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Antigen
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Molecules that the immune system recognizes as foreign. Important characteristics include foreignness, molecular size, and chemical complexity
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Humoral |
The fluid phase of blood, when clotting has been allowed to take place it is called serum, when an anticoagulant has been use it is called plasma |
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Serum
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liquid portion of the blood after coagulation has taken place
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Plasma |
fluid component of blood that is separated from the cells when an anticoagulant is used |
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Innate immune system
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First response to an infection. Keep bacterium localized and eliminated within days. Cells and proteins sense bacteria, produce cytotoxins, triggers innate immune response, causes inflammation. 2 Parts- Pathogen-recognition mechanisms and Effector mechanisms. Determined by genes inherited from parents. Quick.
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Cells associated with the innate immune system
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Neutrophils, dendritic cells, monocytes, macrophages, mast cells, basophils, eosinophils, and NK cells |
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What effector molecules are involved with the innate system |
Antimicrobial Peptides acute phase proteins complememnt perforins |
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Acquired immune system
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antibody in solution and on the surface of b cells t cells receptors on the surface of t cells |
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Cells involved with the acquired immune system
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lymphocyte, b cells and t cells with antigen presenting cells |
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Effector molecules involved with the acquired immune system |
antibody, cytokines, perforins |
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Neutrophils
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neutrally staining granules do not stain when Wright's stain is utilized 50 - 70% of WBCs nucleus is irregular shape with multiple lobes |
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Polymorphonuclear leukocyte |
An alternative name for neutrophil for its irregular in shape with multiple lobes |
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Thymus |
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The human equivalent of the bursa of fabricius is the |
Bone marrow |
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What organ do lymphocytes come into contact with antigens and undergo subsequent proliferation? |
Lymph nodes |
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A charatisitic of the adaptive immune system |
Formation of immunologic memory |
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The skin plays a major role in preventing the entry of pathogens into the body. This is an example of |
External innate defense system |
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The cell that has neutrally staining granules and an irregular shaped nucleus and plays a key role in phagocytosis is the |
Neutrophil |
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A cell whose major function are phagocytosis of foreign material in the innate immune system and presentation of antigen to lymphocytes in the acquired immune system is the |
Dendritic cells |
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These cells are capable of killing tumor cells and virus infected cells but are not antigen specific |
Natural killer cells |
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Lipopolysaccharide is an example of |
A pathogen associated molecular pattern |
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C reactive protein is an example of |
Acute phase protein |
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A major function of the complement system is |
Lysis of pathogens |
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A major function of the complement system is |
Lysis of pathogens |
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This cell plays a key role in inflammation |
Neutrophil |
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CD3 marker is used to identify the following cell type |
T lymphocytes |
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CD3 marker is used to identify the following cell type |
Helper T and regulatory T lymphocytes |
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These cells have a primary role in allergy and anti parasitic responses |
Mast cells |
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Mature b cells have |
IgD and IgM on their surface |
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Which molecule is the best defense before entry? |
IgA |
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Pepsin cleaves an antibody molecule |
To (Fab')2 + fragments |
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Which molecule has 4 antigen binding sites? |
IgA |
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Which hardly moves in an electric field ? |
Y2 globulins |
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The amino terminus of the antibody molecule contains |
The paratope |
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A paratope is |
Part of an antibody molecule that binds to an epitope |
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Characteristics of IgG include that it is |
Largest concentration of all antibodies in serum, ME 150000 daltons placental transfer |
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Characteristics of IgM is |
900000 daltons, first one secreted in an immune response 10 binding sites |
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Natural or innate immunity is |
Nonspecific immunity |
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The primary lymphoid organs are the |
Thymus, bursa of fabricius, and bone marrow |
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Secondary lymphoid organs are the |
Spleen, lymph node, and tonsil |
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MALT relates to the |
Gastrointestinal and respiratory tract lymphoid tissue |
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When a phagocytic cell engulfs a bacteria, the bacteria is in the cellular compartment known as |
Phagosome |
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A lymphocyte has |
More nucleus than cytoplasm |
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A bursa is |
where B cells develop in birds, a primary lymphoid organ |
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A thymus produces most of its T cells when the person is |
A baby until puberty |
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If I have a bruise on my arm, which acute phase reactant will bind the hemoglobin and bring it to the liver to be cleared ? |
Haptoglobin |
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How do some bacteria protect themselves from an invader |
By attacking nonmethylated DNA |
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Which cell is a helper cell |
CD4+ T cell |
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A macrophage in the liver is called |
Kupfer cell |
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A lymphocyte in the innate immune system is called |
NK cell |
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The patterns that the innate immune system recognizes are called |
Pathogen associated molecular pattern |
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Two families of antimicrobial peptides are |
Defensins and cathelicidins |
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CD19, CD20, CD21 |
B Cells |
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The process by which macrophage and neutrophil squeeze through the intact blood vessel |
Diapedisis |
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Apoptosis also known as programmed cell death occurs |
The cell receives certain signals and digests it's own DNA |
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An antigen specific cell is a |
T or b lymphocytes |
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A phagocytic cell is an |
Macrophage |
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Serum is formed after |
Blood is allow to clot |
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CD19, CD20, CD21 are on these cells |
B cells |
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An acute phase reactant is |
C reactive protein |
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What cell is involved in the humoral immune response |
B lymphocytes |
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A phagocytic cell is an |
Macrophage |
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The phagocytic cell that does not arrive first at the sit of chronic infection is the |
Macrophage |
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What wbc has a polymorphic nucleus |
Neutrophil |
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The cell of the following cell that have a specific regulatory subset is |
T cell |
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A lectin is a |
Molecule that binds carbohydrate |
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Which cell is very active in antigen presentation |
Dendritic cells |
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The cell of the following cell typed that is called a kupfer cell when in the liver |
Macrophage |
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Monoclonal antibodies are produced by cells that are hybrids of |
Spleen cells and myeloma cells |
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The two different cells needed to produce a monoclonal antibody are |
A myeloma cell that survives in the media used after fusion and a spleen cell from an immunized animal |
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At pH 8.6 most serum protein |
Have a negative charge that causes them to move toward the anode |
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Treating IgG with pepsin causes production |
Fab'2+fc fragments |
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The paratope that is seen as an antigen is called an |
Idiotype |
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A part of the immunoglobulin molecule that is between two globular regions, is rich in prollines and is flexible is called |
The hinge region |
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Compared to a Secondary response a primary response is |
Slower and lower in amount of IgG |
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The antibody that is protective in serum is made after IgM and does not cause allergy |
IgG |
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Protein a is a protein |
On the surface of staphylococcus aureu and binds to immunoglobulin |
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Secretory IgA |
Made by two cells |
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The area in which somatic mutation occurs and increased affinity of antibody develops is the |
Lymph node |
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Two immunoglobulin classes that have a j chain are |
IgA and IgM |
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Plasma cells that make ige are located |
Near where mast cells are located and along the respiratory tract, skin, and the alimentary tract |
