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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Blood Products |
1. Packed RBC 2. Leukocyte Reduced 4. Frozen RBC 5a. Plasma 5b. Fresh-Frozen Plasma 5c. Cryoprecipitate 5d. Thawed Plasma 6. Platelets |
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Packed RBC's |
Indications: Deoxyginated, anemia due to massive trauma. Safer to use than whole blood to avoid circulatory overload. Hct: 80% - one unit will raise hgb by 1g Anticoagulant is CPDAS-1, good for 42 days. Glycerolized and frozen - good for 10 yrs |
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Leukocyte reduced |
Packed RBC's that have been filtered or irradiated to remove the white cells to avoid febrile reactions due to foreign antibodies. (Most blood is processed in this way) Used for the same reasons as Packed RBC and uses the same preservatives and has the same storage and shelf life procedures. |
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Washed RBC |
Washed and Packed RBC's are used on patients who have deficient IgA with an anti-IgA to avoid anaphylactic reactions. Packed Red Cells are washed in buffered saline. This condition is extremely rare. |
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Frozen RBC |
Used for: 1. autologous donors 2. Rare donors (Bombay) Uses a process where RBC's are glycerolized to freeze and last up to 10 years. Once thawed, only good for 24 hrs. |
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Plasma |
Used to correct clotting factor deficiencies rich in factor 5 and 3. FFP - Fresh Frozen is good up to a year if stored at -18C, thawed to 30-37c, must be used within 24 hrs or else can be used within 4 days as 'thawed plasma' |
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Cryoprecipitate |
A by-product of FFP, it is rich in clotting factors: VIII, XIII, vWF and fibrinogen. Used as a 'fibrin glue' |
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Platelets |
Needed when Normal PT, normal PTT, but bleeding time/PAS is abnormal Used to treat thrombocytopenia and for presurgery procedures. Storage requires agitation of the shelf and 20-24c (room temp) to avoid agglutination . Most likely product to have highest risk of bacterial infection. Bags must be gas permeable to supply O2. 5-day shelf life |
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What is the fundamental purpose of a DAT? |
To look for sensitization in vivo and attached antibodies during a cross-match and antibody screening. |
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CMV - negative |
Units of blood given to babies and immunocompromised that are negative for Cytomegalovirus |
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What product is needed to treat Hemophilia A? |
Cryoprecipitate which is rich in factor VIII |
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What federal entity supervises the products in blood-banking? |
FDA |
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Checking out Units of Blood, Procedures |
Check out one unit for one patient. Cannot return a unit after 30 minute mark or if it exceeds 10C. Clotted blood must be reported to OBI or other entity it came from. |
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Time between regular DRBC/Packed cell donations? |
56 days |
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What is the most common blood type?
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A positive, followed by o positive |
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When in an emergency and uncertain of the blood type of a patient without time to crossmatch, what blood type do you give? |
O-neg blood, or AB plasma. |
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What are the requirements needed to donate blood? |
Hemoglobin has to be at least 12.5 g/dL with a HCT of at least 38% and bpno higher than 180/100. Temperature no higher than 99.5F or 37.5C, 110 lbs and 16 yrs of age. |
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Labeling requirements for units of blood: |
Unique identifier (Numeric or alpha numeric)[uses ISBT] Product type Collecting facility Expiration date Approximate volume – 450-500 ml Name and volume of anticoagulant/preservative/additives |
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CPDAS-1 Anticoagulant in blood units |
Is (Citrate(anti-coagulant) sodium diPhosphate (pH) Dextrose (nutrients), Adisol,Saline (longevity) ) Good for 42 days. |
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TRALI |
The reason why women's plasma is not used for donations, but research only. Transfusion related acute lung injury |
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TACO |
Transfusion related circulatory volume overload Packed red cells are used instead of whole blood to avoid this . |
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When cross-matching blood how many forms of confirmation are needed? |
2 types. One can be via computer search in the database to match name and blood type. Ideally, a second tech performing a new sample is best if unable to confirm via search. |
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Autologous donation requirements |
Same as regular donor, though if any bacterial infections are found, the blood is not used for transfusions and is disposed of. |
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How much does one unit of blood raise hemoglobin? |
1 g/dL (hematocrit is raised 3%) |
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I blood group - Benign vs. Pathologic
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IgM, needs an AHG that is IgG (monoclonal).
Benign is a saline reactive IgM autoagglutinin only found at 4C Pathologic is potent cold-agglutinin over a wider range from 0-30c |
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Blood group "I" |
Born with 'i' at birth with no "I' until after 2 yrs in which time the 'i' disappears.
Pathologic antibodies can complicate transfusions by masking underlying alloantibodies. Mostly inconvenient rather than clinically significant. |
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Mycoplasma Pneumonia and Blood Group "I" |
people with these infections develop strong cold-agglutinins with auto-anti-I specificity. D control will agglutinate is first sign of that cold-agglutination has occurred. Must heat-prepare saline and other reagents to counteract. |
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Blood Group "P" |
Includes: P1: has all 3 antigens: pk being one of them P2: has 2 of the antigens Anti-P1 is a naturally occurring IgM antibody in P2 individuals. Can be neutralized with hypatid cyst fluid. Paroxymal cold hemoglobulinuria (PCH) - IgG domonstratable by Donath-Landsteiner test. |
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Blood Group "Lutheran" |
Anti-Lua is naturally occuring saline agglutinin poorly developed at birth. Anti-Lub is IgG reactive at the AHG phase produced in response to a foreign red cell during transfusion. Lu(a-b-) is rare. (1:3000-1:5000) |
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Blood Group "MNS" |
Anti-M and Anti-N are cold reactive that do not bind to complement or react with enzyme treated cells. They can show the dosage. Anti-S and Anti-s are IgG reactive at 37C and AHG phase and may bind complement. They are associated with HDN and HTR. |
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Blood Group "Kell-Cellano" |
Kell are only found on RBC, well developed at birth and not destroyed by enzymes.
K2 or "k" is known as cellano is a high frequency antigen. 90% of the population is (K-k+). 0.2% is k- so a 2:1000 to find a donor. Kell antigen is rated second to the D antigen in clinical significance. Anti-K is usually an IgG antibody reactive in the AHG phase and is made in response to pregnancy or surgery. Implicated in severe HND |
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Blood Group "Duffy" |
Well-developed at birth, phenotype fy(a-b-) is prevalent in blacks, and absent in whites. (Malarial defense).
Anti-fya and anti-fyb are IgG and react at AHG. Implicated in HDN and HTR. |
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Blood Group "Kidd" |
Anti-jka and anti-jkb may demonstrate dosage, often weak reacting. cause of delayed htr. Often found in combination with other antibodies, both are IgG and react at AHG, enhanced by enzymes, LISS and PEG. Contributes to HDN. They can bind complement and are labile causing delayed HTR. |
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Blood Group "Lewis" |
Not formed in the blood, formed in the tissues and absorbed into rbc. IgM and even if positive for it, it is not expressed until later in years. 1.) lele (non-lewisnon secretor) = Le (a-b-) 2.) Lese (Lewis –nonsecretor) = Le (a+b-) 3.) LeSe (Lewis-Secretor) = Le (a-b+) |
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Pregnancy and Lewis |
If a pregnant woman is LeseLe(a+b-) or LeSe Le(a-b+) is a lewis a or b can express as non-lewis duringtheir pregnancy. Does not show dosage in serologic reactions (aka co homo orhetero zygous do not matter). |
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Massive transfusion Protocol
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Gets FFP |
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In an antibody panel |
Take the positive reactions and mark off which ones of the sera were positive for antigen. By the end, one blood type should be evident. Test this against the patient's own red cells against a commercially prepared antisera. There should be NO agglutination. |
