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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are RBC antigens?
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molecules on the red blood cell that can be recognized by the immune system
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What types of molecules are RBC antigens?
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glycoprotein
glycolipid membrane transport channels structural elements |
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How are RBC antigens inherited?
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simple autosomal dominant inheritance mostly
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Are RBC antigens different within an individual or between individuals?
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can vary between individuals, but all RBC antigens in an individual are the same
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When are antibodies against foreign RBC antigens generated?
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after an initial exposure except in cats, which have naturally occurring RBC antibodies
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What are alloantibodies? How do they form?
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naturally occurring antibodies to RBC antigens
generated due to mimicry from other compounds normally encountered in the environment |
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List the cat blood groups from most to least common
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Type A
Type B Type AB |
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What happens if you give a type B cat type A blood?
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severe reaction, can die even from 1ml of blood because of high antibody titers to A antigens
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What is neonatal isoerythrolysis?
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maternal antibodies from colostrum attack the neonate's red blood cells if they are not compatible
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What is the Mik RBC antigen?
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found in cats, may cause reactions even if blood type is the same (do a cross match!)
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Which RBC antigen is the cause of most transfusion reactions in dogs?
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DEA 1.1
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Is it essential to type and cross-match a dog for a first time transfusion?
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no, although it is never a bad idea since exposure history is not always complete
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What is the naturally occurring antibody in cattle?
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anti-J
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What species commonly get neonatal isoerythrolysis?
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cats, horses
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What is the difference between NI in cats and horses?
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can occur in cats with first pregnancy, usually not in horses unless already sensitized by something else
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What is done to determine compatibility with bird blood transfusions?
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cross-matching
-typing not possible due to lack of discernible groups and variability between bird species |
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What are the two outcomes commonly seen in a positive reaction during blood typing?
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agglutination (dog, pig)
hemolysis (ruminants) *cat and horse do both |
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How is cross-matching different than typing?
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Blood typing checks specific antigens, but the patient may still react to the donor due to other antigens. Cross matching checks that the two do not react, but does not guarantee they are the same type
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How is the major cross match performed? Minor cross match?
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major: donor RBCs+ recipient plasma
minor: donor plasma + recipient RBCs |
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What is the importance of screening blood donors?
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check for hemoparasites
determine FeLV and FIV status in cats |
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What are the clinical signs of an acute transfusion reaction?
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tremor, weakness, vomiting, fever, seizure, hives, shock, death
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Why do delayed transfusion reactions occur?
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due to unknown antibodies
it is possible with prolonged transfusion for the patient to generate antibodies to the donor cells other blood constituents can cause reactions |
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What complications of transfusions occur?
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sensitization to future transfusion
transmission of infectious agents volume overload |
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Which test is used to determine if a patient has IMHA?
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Coomb's test
Saline agglutination test (to differentiate agglutination from rouleaux) Flow cytometry is starting to be used |
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What is Evan's Syndrome?
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IMHA plus IM thrombocytopenia
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