Immuno8 Ag And Ag Receptors

Front 1

what did AG used to refer to? what does it refer to now?

Back 1

old: anything that started ANTIbody GENeration

NOW: anything that binds an AG receptor

Front 2

what are the 4 main classes of AG

Back 2

1. Immunogen: elicits IR

2. Hapten: binds but wont elicit response on its own, needs a carrier and then they too become immunogens

3. Toleregens: an immunogen that elicits a diminished response unpon reexposure

4. mitogen: AG that is a polyclonal B/T activator (induce mitotsis/differentiation)

3.

Front 3

what are 3 examples of common haptens

Back 3

1. Poison Ivy

2. Penecilin: sometiimes gets picked up by a self protein to become an immunogen

3. Used Conjugate vaccines: small carb is the hapten but it needs a bigger protein to carrie it b4 its a hapten

Front 4

how do the IR of subsequent exposures vary among immunogen and toleregen

Back 4

immunogen: larger response, it is adaptive after all

toleregen: diminished response uppn reexposure

Front 5

whe know that hte IR rgenerated a larger IR after subsequent exposure to an AG, is this ALWAYS the case

Back 5

not if the AG is a toleregen, this will diminish the repsonse

Front 6

what is a cool thing about tolerence

Back 6

can be transferred

**one rat whos been exposed gives blood to a rat who hasnt been exposed and when the second rat is exposed it has decreased response as if it had been seen before! tolerance is transferred, prbly T reg

Front 7

what is a poly clonal B/T cell activator

Back 7

induced mitoisis/differentiation in LOTS of B/T

the B and T activated has various AG specificities

Front 8

what category of AG is LPS

Back 8

Mitogen, activates B cells and stim macrophages to make cytokines

Front 9

what is a super AG

Back 9

mitogen that activates T cells at low concentration

**non specific, the AG being present needn't be correct when you have a superAG on the outer edge of the complex inducing T cell activation

Front 10

what type of AG induce scarlet feve, TSS< food poision

Back 10

super mitogen

**thse disease have an amplified response that leads to fever, rash, organ failure becuase of the MASSIVE cytokine activation

Front 11

what is one instance when the adaptive system is nonspecific

Back 11

with mitogens: polyclonal activators of B/T with various AG specificity

Superantigen: the specificity ofthe AG being presented doesnt matter bc there is a big SUPERAG monitoring the interaction

Front 12

what is an antigenic determinant (what else is it called

Back 12

epitope

*its the part of the AG receptor that does the recognition

Front 13

waht is the smallest unit of an AG that is recognized by host receptors

Back 13

epitope of the AG, antigenic determinant

Front 14

waht are the different organizations of epitopes on bugs, and how are they recognized on a host cell

Back 14

1. single epitope
2. 2 of the same epitope
3. Multivalent: many of the same epitope
4. Polyvalent: several AG binding sites, bc several sites are recognized

Front 15

what is the difference btwn polyvalent and multivalent

Back 15

polyvalent: single epitope repeated

multivalent: many diff epitopes

Front 16

AG receptors recognize discrete regions of AG called

Back 16

epitopes, antigenic determinants

Front 17

waht is the difference btwn a linear and conformational epitope

Back 17

conformational: protein must be native, when denatures it is not recognized

linear: recognized in linear form, when this is denatured a new linear epitope that was inside the proten may be revelaed

Front 18

what cell types can bind to conformational and linear epitopes

Back 18

TCR: picky picky, they will ONLY bind to linear epitopes (require processing and AG presentation)

BCR, AB, TLR, PRR: recognize anything

Front 19

what is the immunogenicity variance based on

Back 19

complexity
size
type/number of epitopes

**large complex with lots of epitopes, most immunogenic

**furthest from self, most immunogenic

**small with few epitopes, less immunogenic

Front 20

who is more immunogenic, multivalent or polyvalens

Back 20

polyvalent always wins bc they have a variety of epitopes

Front 21

how can the type of AG determine if B or T will respond

Back 21

T only responds to peptides in MCH

BCR: recognize pretty much anythign! protein, carb, lipids, nucleic acid ect

Front 22

how does the amt of AG alter the IR

Back 22

large does, can become tolerant
small dose, not a big response

**with vaccines we give moderate doses to get the best IR, and we give repeaseted doses, boosters

**repeated exposure of moderately sized dose is best IR

Front 23

how does the route of administration of vaccine (or AG in general) affect how the immune system responds

oral
IV
inhale
ID

**what gives best IR

Back 23

Oral: peyers patches

Inhaled: BALT

IV: spleen

ID: regional LN

Subcutaneous intradermal is best response

Front 24

what enhances the immunogenicity of an immunogen, specific or nonspecific

Back 24

adjuvant

**common in vaccines

**nonspecific

Front 25

what is an adjuvent

Back 25

nonspecifically increases immunogenicty of an immunogen

Front 26

how do some common adjuvants work

Alum (one we use)
Freunds/Mf59
BCG

Back 26

Alum: aluminin salts ppt the immunogen to make it larger

Freunds/MF59: coat imminogen in oil so it lasts longer, more soluble

BCG: material from destroyed bacteria to icnrease immune cells

Front 27

so 2 ppl have different tolerances.recognition, levels of immunogenicity etc that give a wide variety of IR among ppl. name 4 reasons and is this good

Back 27

1. Genetics
2. state of AG
3. whats going on in the immune syste, immunosuppressent or immunosupportive drugs at the time
4. HOLES IN IMMUNE SYSTEM: in theory we got it all but often times thats not the case

*good to have variety, protective as a species

Front 28

do jsut adaptive cells recognize AG

Back 28

nope, so does innate. PRR for example

Front 29

name 4 kinds of AG receptors

Back 29

1. MHC
2. TCR
3. BCR
4. PRR

Front 30

MHC always has protein bound, willl we ALWAYS have response

Back 30

nope, the MCH is on over cell we have and isnt happy unless it has something bound so it binds something. we rely on specificity of T cells to either elicit a response or not.

**MCH isnt specific for AG

Front 31

who is more specific to the epitope they bind

MHC or TCR/BCR

Back 31

TCR/BCR: super specificfor the epitope they bing

MHC: less specific, rely on Tcell recognition for appropriate binding

Front 32

what cell has...

BCR
TCR
MCH

what binds?

Back 32

ADAPTIVE cells

BCR: B cell, recognize linear or configuration. can bind pretty much anythings

TCR: T cells, recognize linear. bind Peptide:MHC complex

MCH: ALL nucleated cells, conformational or linear. Bind Peptide

Front 33

what cells have MHC

Back 33

all of them with a brain!

nucleated cells

Front 34

what adaptive AG receptor recognizes unprocessed AG, processed

Back 34

BCR: unprocessed. carp, protein, lipid, nucleic acid. conformational or linear

TCR: processed peptide presented with MHC. linear olny

Front 35

what innate recetor recognizes AG, examples

Back 35

PRR

Mannose receptor:
Compliment receptors:
LPS binding protein:
TLR: both on surface membrain and internal surface, endosomes

Front 36

what is a small ag that binds but only makes IR when something larger also binds

Back 36

hapten

Front 37

PRRs are found on...
and recognize

Back 37

innate cels

Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns
LPS
Flagella
Mannose