Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
The arm of the immune systems that combats against intracellular pathogens is called ________.
|
cell mediated immunity
|
|
|
Can T-cells contribute to humoral immunity?
|
Yes, they interact with B-cells that produce high affinity antibodies.
|
|
|
Organisms that infect the cytoplasm are killed by?
Organisms that infect intracelluar vesicles are killed by? |
cytoplasm = CD8 Tcells and NK cells
vesicles = activated macrophages |
|
|
Activated T-Cells must traffic from the lymph node to the site of infection. Is this trafficking necessary for cells of humoral immunity?
|
No. B-Cells secrete antibodies that travel in the blood to the site of infection.
|
|
|
Naïve T cells enter LN from the blood via the _________ and traffic to other LN via the _________
Dendritic cells enters the LN via the ___________ |
Naïve T cells enter LN from the blood via the high endothelial venule (HEV) and traffic to other LN via the Efferent Lymphatics
Dendritic cells enters the LN via the afferent lymphatics |
|
|
Activated T cells leave the LN via the ___________ and enter the blood via the __________
|
Activated T cells leave the LN via the efferent lymphatics and enter the blood via the Thoracic duct
|
|
|
How do T-Cells know to enter lymph node?
T-Cells express _________ and _________ which allow them to bind to the HEV wall. |
T-Cells express CD62L (a selectin) and CCR7 (chemokine receptor) which allow them to bind to the HEV wall.
|
|
|
______ binds the receptor _______ of T-Cells, allowing them to leave the lymph node.
|
SIP (sphingosine-1-phosphate), SIP receptor.
|
|
|
What conformational changes occur to an activated T-Cell, allowing it to leave the lymph node?
|
downregulation of CD62L and CCR7, upregulation of SIP receptor.
|
|
|
____ cells are responsible for "classical" activation of macrophages via ________ and ______.
|
TH1 cells are responsible for "classical" activation of macrophages via IFN-gamma and CD40L (on tcell surface).
|
|
|
What are the effects of second signals on M1 macrophages (CD40L, IFN-gamma)?
|
Upregulation of MHC and costimulators, increased killing of phagocytosed microbes, production of IL-1,IL-12, TNF.
|
|
|
A defect in either the IFN-gamma or IL-12 receptor would lead to _______.
|
increased susceptibility to mycobacterial infections.
|
|
|
Role of Cd4+ cells in CTL activation? two cytokines involved in CTL clonal expansion?
|
Dendritic cells present antigen to both cells simultaneously, CD4+ cells upregulate IL-2 and IFN-gamma, leads to CTL clonal expansion.
|
|
|
Two methods of CTL induced cytotoxicity are through ________ and ________ mediated cell lysis.
|
FasL, perforin.
|
|
|
Process of perforin mediated cell lysis?
|
Perforin binds cell surface, creates pores allowing granzymes to enter cell and induce apoptosis.
|
|
|
Steps in CTL mediated cell death?
|
antigen recognition/ conjugate formation, CTL activation, delivery of lethal hit, detachment of CTL, apoptosis of infected cell.
|
|
|
____ cells mediate alternative macrophage activation.
|
Th2. This is done through secretion of Il-4 and Il-13. This still requires (CD40L, CD40 interactions).
|
|
|
_____ cells recruit eosinophils through the secretion of _______.
|
Th2, IL-5.
|
|
|
Il-4 secreted from Th2 cells promotes production of ________.
|
IgE antibodies.
|
|
|
Secretion of IL-5 by _______ cells is important for killing of _________ parasites.
|
Th2 (recruits eosinophils), helminthic.
Eosinophils bind IgE bound to parasites via Fc receptors and release granules. |
|
|
________ cells have an important role in promotion of inflammation and production of defensins by epithelial barriers
|
Th17.
|
|
|
Mycobacteria inhibit _________ in macrophages, leading to evasion of immune response.
|
fusion of phagosomes in macrophages.
|
|
|
_______ interferes with the TAP transporter in APCs.
|
HSV (herpes simplex viruses).
|
|
|
_____ and ____ both inhibit antigen presentation by inhibiting proteasomal activity.
|
EBV, CMV.
|
|
|
CMV can inhibit proteasomal activity and aslo
|
also removes MHC1 molecules from endosomes
|
|
|
_______ can produce IL-10 and inhibit macrophage/dendritic cell activation
|
EBV
|
|
|
_______ can produce solubule cytokine receptors that bind IL1 and IFN gamma
|
POX
|
