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103 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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LN:
medullary cords contain |
plasma cells
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LN:
medullary sinuses contain (2) |
reticular cells
macrophages |
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LN:
paracortex contains |
T cells
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B-cells and T-cells enter LN from blood through
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HEV's
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LN:
enlarged during a cellular immune response |
paracortex (site of T cells)
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LN:
not well developed in DiGeorge syndrome |
paracortex (site of T cells)
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right lymphatic duct drains (2)
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right arm
right 1/2 of head |
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spleen:
white pulp contains |
B cells
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spleen:
periarterial lymphatic sheath (PALS) contains |
T-cells
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spleen:
red pulp contains |
T cells
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thymus:
cortex contains |
immature T cells
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thymus:
medulla contains (3) |
mature T cells
epithelial reticular cells Hassall's corpuscles |
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thymus:
positive and negative selection of T cells occurs at the |
corticomedullary junctions
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helper T cells release _______ to stimulate production of Th1 cells
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IL-1 through IL-12
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helper T cells release ______ to stimulate production of Th2 cells
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IL-1 through IL-4
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Th1 cells release (2)
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IL-2
IFN-γ |
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Th1 cells activate (2)
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cytotoxic T cells
macrophages |
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Th2 cells release (2)
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IL-4
IL-5 |
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Th2 cells activate
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B cells (to stimulate Ab production; IgE > IgG)
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MHC I is expressed on
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nucleated cells
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antigen for MHC I is loaded in
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RER
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MHC II is expressed on
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antigen presenting cells (APC's)
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antigen for MHC II is loaded in
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acidified endosome
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main determinant of organ rejection
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MHC II
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MHC I is made of
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α and β-2 microglobulin
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MHC II is made of
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α and β
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directly kills viruses
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cytotoxic T cells
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APC's (3)
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dendritic cells
macrophages B cells |
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APC's stimulate CD4 T-cells using
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IL-1
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costimulatory signal required for Th cell activation
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B7 (APC) + CD28 (CD4 T cell)
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Th cells activate cytotoxic T cells using
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IL-2
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function of terminal deoxynucleotidul transferase
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adds nucleotides to DNA during genetic recombination
(increases Ab diversity) |
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mature B lymphocytes express (2)
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IgM
IgD |
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isotype switching is mediated by (2)
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CD40
cytokines |
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IL:
secreted by macrophages (3) |
IL-1
IL-6 IL-12 |
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in addition to IL-1, IL-6, and IL-12, macrophages also secrete
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TNF-α
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IL:
stimulates T cells, B cells, neutrophils, fibroblasts, and epithelial cells an endogenous pyrogen |
IL-1
(HOT T-Bone stEAk) |
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IL:
stimulates growth of helper T cells and cytotoxic T cells |
IL-2
(HOT T-Bone stEAk) |
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IL:
supports growth and differentiation of bone marrow stem cells, i.e., has a function similar to GM-CSF |
IL-3
(HOT T-Bone stEAk) |
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IL:
promotes growth of B cells enhances class switching of IgE and IgG |
IL-4
(HOT T-Bone stEAk) |
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IL:
promotes differentiation of B cells stimulates production and activation of eosinophils enhances class switching of IgA |
IL-5
(HOT T-Bone stEAk) |
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IL:
stimulates production of acute-phase reactants and Ig's |
IL-6
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IL:
major chemotatic factor for neutrophils |
IL-8
(lobes of neutrophils look like an "8") |
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IL:
stimulates Th2 cells inhibits Th1 cells |
IL-10
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IL:
stimulates Th1 cells activates NK cells |
IL-12
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IFN:
stimulates macrophages |
IFN-γ
(γ causes macrophages to gobble) |
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TNF:
causes an increase in IL-2 receptor synthesis by Th cells increases B-cell proliferation attracts and activates neutrophils stimulates dendritic cell migration to LN's |
TNF-α
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cell surface proteins:
helper T cells (5) |
TCR
CD3 CD4 CD28 CD40L |
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cell surface proteins:
cytotoxic T cells (3) |
TCR
CD3 CD8 |
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cell surface proteins:
B cells (6) |
MHC II (B cell is an APC)
B7 (part of co-stimulatory signal) IgM CD19 CD20 |
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cell surface proteins:
macrophages (4) |
MHC II (macrophage is an APC)
Fc receptor C3b receptor CD14 |
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cell surface proteins:
NK cells (3) |
MHC I receptor
CD16 CD56 |
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cell surface proteins:
all cells except mature RBC's |
MHC I (all nucleated cells have MHC I)
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complement activated by:
classic pathway |
IgM
IgG (Ag-Ab complexes activate complement) |
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complement activated by:
alternative pathway |
molecules found on surface of microbes (esp. exotoxin)
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opsonins in bacterial defense (2)
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C3b
IgG |
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complement components:
viral neutralization pathway |
C1
C2 C3 C4 classic |
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complement component:
opsonization |
C3b
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complement components:
anaphylaxis |
C3a
C5a (together with C3a) |
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complement components:
neutrophil chemotaxis |
C5a (alone)
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complement components:
MAC |
C5b
C6 C7 C8 C9 |
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complement component:
alternative pathway and classic pathway merge at |
C5
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hereditary angioedema caused by
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C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency (overactive bradykinin --> increased bv permeability)
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severe, recurrent pyogenic sinus and respiratory tract infections caused by
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C3 deficiency
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Neisseria bacteremia caused by
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C6, C7 and/or C8 deficiency
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PNH caused by
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deficiency of decay-accelerating factor (DAF)
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place uninfected cells in an antiviral state
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IFN's
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IFN's induce produce of _______ to ward off viruses
function |
ribonuclease
degrades viral mRNA |
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IFN's:
inhibit viral protein synthesis |
IFN-α
IFN-β |
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IFN:
increases MHC I and II expression and antigen presentation |
IFN-γ
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NK cells activated to kill virus-infected via
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IFN's
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preformed Ab's given after exposure to (4)
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tetanus toxin
botulinum toxin HBV rabies (To Be Healed Rapidly) |
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antigen variation:
salmonella |
2 flagellar variants
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antigen variation --> relapsing fever
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Borrelia
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antigen variation:
Neisseria gonorrhoeae |
pilus protein
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parasite that demonstrates antigen variation
mechanism |
Trypanosome
programmed rearrangement |
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anergy (def.)
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self-reactive T cells become nonreactive if they don't receive a costimulatory molecule
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hypersensitivity reaction:
involves attraction of neutrophils |
type III
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hypersensitivity reaction:
involves macrophage activation |
type IV
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hypersensitivity reaction:
PAN |
type III
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hypersensitivity reaction:
hypersensitivity pneumonitis |
type III
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hypersensitivity reaction:
MS |
type IV
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hypersensitivity reaction:
Guillain-Barre |
type IV
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hypersensitivity reaction:
GVHD |
type IV
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disorder:
antihistone |
drug-induced lupus (aks lupus-like syndrome)
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disorder:
antimicrosomal |
Hashimoto's thyroiditis
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disorders (2):
anti-Jo-1 |
dermatomyositis
polymyositis |
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HLA subtype:
psoriasis |
HLA-B27
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HLA subtype:
inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) |
HLA-B27
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HLA subtype:
Graves' disease |
HLA-B8
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HLA subtype:
celical sprue |
HLA-B8
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HLA subtype:
MS |
HLA-DR2
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HLA subtype:
hay fever |
HLA-DR2
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HLA subtype:
SLE |
HLA-DR2
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HLA subtype:
Goodpasture's syndrome |
HLA-DR2
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HLA subtype:
pernicious anemia |
HLA-DR5
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HLA subtype:
Hashimoto's thyroiditis |
HLA-DR5
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HLA subtype:
steroid-responsive nephrotic syndrome |
HLA-DR7
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hyperacute transplant rejection:
due to occurs within |
preformed antidonor Ab's
minutes |
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acute transplant rejection:
due to occurs within reversible? |
cytotoxic T lymphocytes react against foreign MHC's
weeks yes |
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acute transplant rejection is treated with (2)
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cyclosporin
OKT3 |
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chronic transplant rejection:
due to occurs within reversible? |
Ab-mediated vascular damage --> fibrinoid necrosis
months to years no |
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GVHD:
due to signs (4) |
grafted immunocompetent T cells attack host proteins
maculopapular rash jaundice hepatosplenomegaly diarrhea |
