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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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PRRs
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recognize structures on microbes- binding causes phagocytosis and macrophage activation
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Scavengers
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part of innate immunity. Specific to anionic polymers. Removes without inflammation
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Acute phase proteins
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Made in liver, increase in serum concentration in response to inflammation (ex. CRP)
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Alternative Complement Activation
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1st to activate b/c bacterial cell walls and endotoxin (Gram -) enounter at epithelial/serum. Old and ineffecient, not very sensitive, need high concentration of bacteria to activate
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Classical Complement Activation
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Last to activate but a very fast process once initiated. Ab's respond to very low conc of bacteria. IgM or IG bind to Ag -> conformational change reveals binding site for 1st complement, C1q, which triggers cascade
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Lectin Complement Activation
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binding of mannose binding protein in plasma to microbial CHO's
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Agglutination technique
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Used to ID bacteria and blood type
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Heidelberger-Kendal Curve test
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bell shaped curve looking at immunoprecipitation of a protein (CRP) + Ab (alpha-CRP)
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Ouchterlony Immunodiffusion technique
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simplest method of studying Ab-Ag rxns. Gel plate with well in the middle (containing Ag) surrounded by wells (serum with Ab). Diffuse out. If Ag-Ab react then you see a white line of precipitate
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(Rocket) Immuno-electrophoresis technique
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rapid Ag quantitation based on proteins isoelectric point. Used gel with Ag in wells. Ag proteins run down the gel. The size of the "rocket" = concentration of Ag
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Classical Immuno-electrophoresis (IEP) technique
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involved an electrophoresis (run sample on a gel) and then immunoprecipitation (add Ig-specific antiserum in trough next to it. Can ID monoclonal Ig's
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Direct Agglutination Assay
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only for polyvalent Ag's. Involved in the clumping of Ag by particular Ab to form latiss. High error rate is Ag is high.
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Indirect agglutination assay
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competitive assay for polyvalent Ag's. No issue with high Ag concentration i In addition to Ag and Ab it involved a free sample Ag which breaks down the latiss.
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Hemagglutination (Combs) Assay
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used to detect RBC Ag's or Ab's. This is how blood typing used to be done.
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ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay)
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measures for Ag in serum of culture. Coat wells with monoclonal Ab (mAb) that is specific for Ag of interest. Add samples with Ag then add HRP-coupled Ab. If Ag-Ab form complex then the HRP-coupled Ab that is added will result in that well lighting up.
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ELISPOT assay
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modified ELISA. Important for IDing cytokine secreting cells. Strong response = lots of dots in the cell.
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CD3 test
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T cells
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CD4 test
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T cells - helper/inducer
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CD8 test
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T cell: suppressor/killer
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CD19 test
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B cells
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CD 14/68 test
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Monocytes
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CD45
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all leucocytes
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FACS (Fluroscence-activated cell sorting)/Flow cytometry
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automated way to separate cells depending on if Ab is bound. Uses flow cytometry to determine if Ab bound and then sorter separted each cells. Intensity of peaks tells if you are labeling for example CD4
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cDNA Microarray
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measures gene expression based on a reference sample. Each dot is a gene from the patients and you add labeled cDNA and it hybridizes and lights up
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Pro-inflammatory cytokines
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IL-1, IL-6, IL-12, IL-18, IFN-gamma, IFN-alpha, TNF-beta
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Anti-inflammatory cytokines
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IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, TGF-Beta
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