Immuno: Cytokines And Chemokines To Know

Front 1

C- reactive protein

Back 1

- part of acute phase response.
- innate immunity
- mediated by IL-6 acting on liver.
- induces opsonization and complement fixation via activating classical pathway.

Front 2

Fibrinogen

Back 2

- part of acute phase response.
- innate immunity
- mediated by IL-6 acting on liver.
- induces opsonization and complement fixation via activating classical pathway.

Front 3

Mannose binding protein

Back 3

- part of acute phase response.
- innate immunity
- mediated by IL-6 acting on liver.
- induces opsonization and complement fixation via activating classical pathway.

Front 4

IL-6

Back 4

- part of macrophage response
- innate , this is one of five pro-inflammatory cytokines secreted upon macrophage activation
- local effect: activation of lymphocytes (increase antibody secretion)
systemic effect: induce fever (as does TNF-alpha and IL-1) and induce acute-phase protein production (CRP, MBP, Fibrinogen)

Front 5

TNF-alpha

Back 5

- macrophage response
- innate , this is one of five pro-inflammatory cytokines secreted upon macrophage activation
- local effect: alters vascular endothelium (leaky) as does IL-1
systemic effect: induces fever (as does IL-6, IL-1) , shock

Front 6

IL-1

Back 6

- macrophage response
- innate , this is one of five pro-inflammatory cytokines secreted upon macrophage activation
- local effect: alters vascular endothelium (leaky) as does TNF-alpha
systemic effect: induces fever (as does IL-6, TNF-alpha)

Front 7

CXCL8

Back 7

- macrophage response
- innate , this is one of five pro-inflammatory cytokines secreted upon macrophage activation
- local effect: influx of neutrophils and lymphocytes, activation of lymphocytes (increase antibody secretion)
systemic effect: none

Front 8

IL-12

Back 8

- macrophage response
- innate , this is one of five pro-inflammatory cytokines secreted upon macrophage activation
- local effect: activation of lymphocytes (T and NK cells in particular)
systemic effects: none

- along with IFN-gamma, induces TH1 differentiation

Front 9

Treg

Back 9

- CD4+ subset
- stimulating signal: TGF-beta
- produces TGF-beta, IL-10
- Is important for autoimmunity

Front 10

TH17

Back 10

- CD4+ subset
- stimulating signals: TGF-beta, IL-6
- produces IL-6, IL-7
- Induces chemokines that cause neutrophil recruitment

Front 11

TH1

Back 11

- CD4+ subset
- stimulating signals: IL-12, IFN-gamma
- produces IFN-gamma, IL-2. IFN-gamma helps make macrophage "angry". Helps recruite and activtae macrophages.
Other notes: Bacterial products are potent inducers of IL-12. TH1 helps make granuloma for hard-to-clear infections (TB leprosy vs. leprotemous leprosy)

Front 12

TH2

Back 12

- CD4+ subset
- stimulating signal: IL-4
- produces IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13. IL-4: B cell groth factor and IgE switching. IL-5 Eosinophil activation and maturation and Ig production globally. IL-10 stimulates IgG1 and IgG2 production. IL-13: helps expel parasites by stimulating turnover of epithelial cells. Recruits eosinophils and mast cells.
other notes: inhibitory to macrophage activation (thus to TH1), promotes B cell activation adn antibody class switching