Immunization And Communicable Diseases

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Immunoglobulin A

Back 1

Found in high concentration in mucous membranes

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Immunoglobulin G

Back 2

Found in all body fluids

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Immunoglobulin M

Back 3

Found mainly in the blood and lymph nodes

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Passive immunity

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Antibodies produced by another (palivizumab, maternal Ab, immunoglobin)

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Active immunity

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Antibodies produced by the child due to exposure to an atigen

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Vaccine types-live attenuated

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Inactive virus. Strong and long lasting immune response.

Do not use with weakened immune system.

Ie) varicella, MMR, rotavirus, intranasal influenza

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Vaccine types- inactive

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Organism is killed and cannot replicate.

Cannot cause disease

Need multiple doses to develop immunity.

Ie) hep A, hep B, pertussis, haemophilus influenza type B, influenza (IM), polio, HPV

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Vaccine types toxoid

Back 8

Partially denatured toxoid molecule.

Immune response is targeted to the toxin not the organism.

IE) tetanus, diphtheria.

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Vaccine types conjugated

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Carrier molecule with a multitude of molecules from pathogens attached. (Hapten molecules)

Typically need series of injections for immunity + booster May be needed.

IE) meningococcal and pneumococcal

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Vaccine storage

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Refrigerate do not freeze.

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Vaccine storage exceptions

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Live attenuated viruses May be frozen prior to reconstitution

LAIV is kept frozen prior go use

Light exposure reduces potency of HPV and MMR

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Vaccine considerations

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Allergies to vaccine or component of vaccine. (Eggs, neomycin, gelatin, yeast, or latex)

Serious medical condition in last year.

Recent antiviral, blood products, or immunoglobulin products.

Recent use of Corticosteroids, chemo, or pregnancy

Front 13

Varicella-chicken pox

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Varicella zoster (reportable)

Airborne

Incubation 14-21

Infectious 1-2 days prior to rash.

S/s fever + rash

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Diphtheria

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Corynbacterium diphtheria (reportable)

Droplet px

Incubation 2-7 days

Infectious 2-4 weeks or 4 days after antibiotics

S/s grayish pharyngeal membrane that can cause obstruction

Complication: endotoxin production can cause endocarditis and peripheral neuropathy

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Measles (rubeola)

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Mobilivirus (reportable)

Droplet + airborne

Incubation: 8-12 days

Infectious 4 days before rash and 4 days after rash

S/s: koplik spots, high fever, rash (starts on face)

Complications: encephalitis

On buccal membrane opposite of 2ND molar-blue gray spots on an erythmatous base

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Parotitis (mumps)

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Rubulavirus (reportable)

Droplet px

Incubation: 12-25 days

Infectious:5 days before and after swelling.

S/s: swollen parotid gland

Implications:orchitis

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Poliomyelitis

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Poliovirus (reportable)

Contact px

Incubation 3-36 days

Infectious shortly before onset to symptoms to 6 weeks

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Rubella (German measles)

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Viral infection reportable

Droplet px

Incubation:14-21 days

Infectious: 7days before and 7 days after rash.

Complication: birth defects if pregnant woman is infected during 1st trimester

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Tetanus

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Clostridium tetani (anaerobe)

Transmission: exposure to contaminated soils.

Incubation: 3-21 days

Organism produces neurotoxin

Can lead to respiratory failure

Booster every 10 years or within 5 years if a contaminated wound occurs

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Reye's syndrome

Back 20

Unknown etiology

Associated with viral illness-chickenpox / flu

Aspirin increases risk

Causes swelling in brain and liver