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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Protects the body the same way each time
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Innate immunity
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Naturally occurring or nonspecific immunity
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Innate immunity
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Protection from hundreds of different types of infectious organisms
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Innate imminty
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This type of immunity usually involves external defenses
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Innate Immunity
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Immunity related to a specific organism that elicits an immune response of humoral or cell mediated types of immunity
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Adaptive immunity
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What types of reactions does one expect with humoral immunity
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B cell/ antibody production
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What type of reactions does on expect with cell mediated type of immunity
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T cells, CD4, CD8
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This type of immunity develops memory
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Adaptive immunity
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This type of immunity is concerned with antigen-antibody reaction
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Humoral immunity
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This type of immunity is directly related to cell to cell contact, and cytotoxic cells
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Cellular immunity
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Engulf foreign particles and debris (act as phagocytes)
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macrophages
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Process and present antigen to T helper cells (CD4) via MHC class II molecule
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macrophages
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What is MHC
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major histocompatibility complex
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Antigen-presenting cell
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macrophage
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Class II molecule
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MHC
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What does Mast cells do
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release histamine
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upon antigen contact or complement stimulation, cause local inflammation in tissues
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histamine that is released by Mast cells
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Differentiates stem cells into T lymphocytes
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Thymus gland
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When stimulated with antigens presented with MCH Class II molecules they secrete cytokines that activate other cells of the immune response
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T-helper lymphocytes (CD-4)
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Loss of this cell in AIDS patients results in the inability to mount an effective immune response
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T-helper lymphocytes (CD-4)
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Small protein molecules secreted by immune cells that control the action of other immune cells
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Cytokines
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IL-1, IL-6, IL2, Interferon (alpha), Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), Transforming Growth factor, Interferon (gamma) and IL-10
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Types of cytokines
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When activated, these cells signal B lymphocytes to produce antibodies and cytotoxic T-cells to kill cells tagged for destruction
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T-helper lymphocytes
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This type of molecule kill cells tagged for destruction
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MHC Class I molecules
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What does MHC Class II molecules do
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they secrete cytokines that activate other cells of the immune system
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When stimulated by T helper cells they kill cells tagged for destruction
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Cytotoxic T-Cells (CD8)
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What cells will be killed by cytoxic T-cells
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infected cells expressing antigen via MHC I molecule
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When stimulated these cells will secrete cytokines that suppress the immune response
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T-suppresson lymphocytes (various CD markers)
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Explain AIDS patients t helper to t suppressor ration
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it is inverted
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these cells are produced in the bone marrow
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B cells (B lymphocytes)
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When stimulated will differentiate into plasma cells
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B cells
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What stimulates B cells
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cytokines from T-helper cells
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what cells produce antibodies
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plasma cells
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lymphocytes with no B or T cell markers that are responsible for killing foreign cells or cells coated with antibody
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Natural Killer cells
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What does antibodies consist of
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two identical light chains and two identical heavy chains
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What can antibodies bind to
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a specific antigen, a substance usually foreign that an antibody or t cell receptor can bind to
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The first exposure of the adaptive immune system to an antigen result in what
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a slow rise in titer of antibodies against the antigen
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What immunoglocbulins are produced first in the primary response in adaptive immunity
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IgM
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What follows IgM in the immunoglobulins production of the primary response in adaptive immunity
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the slow rise in IgG titers
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What do the memory lymphocytes do during the primary response in adaptive immunity
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the remain after the primary infection has resolved
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Explain the IgM response
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the first Ab produced in a primary immune response, is not persistent, 5 subunits bound together
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What type of molecule is IgM
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a pentameter
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Describe the secondary response in the adaptive immunity
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a second exposure to the same antigen
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What will a second exposure from antigen result in?
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an immediate and very high rise in antibody titer (IgG)
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What will IgG response result is
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usually a protective or results in a very mild sub-clinical infection
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IgG respons
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second antibody produced and is persistent
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What type of molecule is IgG
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monometer
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