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86 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Where are blood cells produced?
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In the bone marrow
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Cells in the bone marrow start out as...
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Stem cells
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T cells mature in the ...
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Thymus
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B cells mature in the ...
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Bone marrow
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The spleen stores
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B cells, T cells, and platelets
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If the spleen is removed the patient will have...
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Decreased immunity
Increased risk for blood clots |
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A patient without a spleen should
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Get a yearly flu shot
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If infection is suspected, culture _____ giving antibiotics
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BEFORE
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Normal leukocyte count is between...
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4500 and 10,000
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Increased leukocytes indicate
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Infection
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Decreased leukocytes indicate
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White blood cells (WBC) destruction
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Increased neutrophils indicate
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Bacterial infection
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Increased lymphocytes indicate
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Viral infection
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A shift to the left occurs...
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When the bone marrow releases more immature neutrophils than mature ones
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A shift to the left indicates
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Infection
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Lymphopenia indicates
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Immune dysfuntion or suppression like that in HIV/AIDS
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B cells divide into
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memory cells and plasma cells
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Plasma cells are responsible for
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producing antibodies specific to antigens
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Inflammation is this type of immune response
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Nonspecific
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Hypersensitivity is this type of immune response
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Nonspecific
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Neutrophils do this in inflammation
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Phagocytosis
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Neutrophils are normally ___% of WBCs
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50-70%
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Neutropenia indicates
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Severe infection or sepsis, bone marrow suppression, and/or autoimmune disorders
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Neutrophilia indicates
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Inflammation, infection
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Macrophages do this in inflammation
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Phagocytosis
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Macrophages are mature
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monocytes
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Boutonniere thumb is seen in
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RA
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Swam neck fingers are seen in
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RA
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Synovial joint swelling occurs in
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RA
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Stiffness in RA is worse in the
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morning
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Stiffness in RA lasts
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at least an hour in the morning
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RA is
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symmetrical
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The 5 signs of inflammation are
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swelling, heat, pain, redness, and loss of function
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Normal rheumatoid factor is
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1:40-1:60
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Rheumatoid factor in RA is
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less than 1:20
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Higher levels of rheumatoid factor indicate
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More severe and more destructive RA
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Antinuclear antibody titer (ANA) is ________ in RA
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positive
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Higher levels of ANA indicate
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autoimmune disorders
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Erythroctye sedimentation rate (ESR) indicates
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inflammation
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ESR of 20-40 indicates
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mild inflammation
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ESR of 70-150 indicates
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severe inflammation
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H&H of a patient with RA may indicate
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mild anemia
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C-Reactive protein (CRP) is a marker for
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inflammation
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Normal is
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5-6 mg/L
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High CRP indicates
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inflammation
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A drop in CRP indicates
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medications to decrease inflammation are effective
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Signs and symptoms of salicylate poisoning are
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tinnitus, GI upset (nausea, vomiting), elevated temperature, lethargy, seizures
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Salicylate poisoning may lead to
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Metabolic acidosis and
Respiratory alkalosis |
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NSAIDS may cause
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GI upset, GI bleeding, GI ulcers
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Steroids commonly end in
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"sone"
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Drugs used to treat HIV commonly have _____ in their names
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"vir"
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Immunosuppressants (DMARDs) are commonly used to treat
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RA
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Toxic effects of DMARDS are
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bone marrow suppression, increased liver enzymes
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When a patient is on steroids, montior for
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fluid retention, hypertension, and renal dysfunction
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Biologic response modifiers such as Humira are commonly used to treat
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RA
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When a patient receives biologic response modifiers, watch for
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infusion/injection reactions
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Do not administer biologic response modifiers is the patient...
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has a current infection
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Gold salts are commonly used to treat
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RA
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Toxic effects of gold salts include
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rash, blood dyscrasias, and renal problems
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If a patient does not receive relief with 1000mg of gold salts...
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D/C
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Complications of RA include
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Sjogrens, joint deformity, vasculitis, and cervical subluxation
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Crepitus is common with
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OA
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OA is _____ autoimmune
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NOT
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Heberden's nodes are common in
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OA
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Bouchard's nodes are common in
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OA
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Viscosupplements are used to treat
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OA
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Joint aspiration is useful in diagnosis of
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OA, gout
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Allopurinol is a ____________ drug used to treat gout
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urate-lowering
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A patient taking allopurinol does or does not need to restrict diet
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does not
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Colchicine is used to treat
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gout
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Cochicine is
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effective in decreasing swelling gout
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Probenecid is used to treat
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gout
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Patients on ______ must have good kidney function, good oral H2O intake, and avoid salicylates
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Probenecid
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Lupus is
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a chronic, autoimmune disease that effects CT
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A patient with SLE (lupus) has a CBC that shows
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pancytopenia
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ANA is _____ in SLE (lupus)
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positive
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Anti-SM and Anti-DNA are __________ in SLE (lupus)
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positive
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ESR is ______ in SLE (lupus)
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elevated
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A urinalysis of a patient with SLE may reveal
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positive for protein and RBC
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Complications of SLE can include
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major organ damage (renal failure, myocarditis, etc)
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Renal complications of gout are called
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gouty nephropathy
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Scleroderma is
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an autoimmune CT disease where collagen is overproduced and skin is "hardened"
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Symptoms of scleroderma include
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Clacinosis, raynaud's, ensophageal dysfunction, sclerodactyly, etc.
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Food triggers for gout include
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Dairy products, organ meats, alcohol
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Medication triggers for gout include
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diuretics, cyclosporine, and salicylates
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Increased uric acid levels alone...
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do not diagnose gout
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