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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Immune system |
Cells & tissues which defend body against foreign cells/agents |
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Immunity |
Resistance to specific pathogen |
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What are the 3 major divisions of immune system? |
1 Physical Barriers, 2 non-specific immunity, 3 specific immunity |
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Physical Barriers? |
Skin blocks, mucous membrane traps and expels |
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Non-specific immunity? |
Recognizes & destroys all pathogens in same way. Takes a few minutes. |
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Specific immunity? |
Destroys remaining pathogens and remembers them for future reference. Lymphocytes. Takes hours/days. |
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2 types of immunity |
Innate immunity: nonspecific defenses, active from birth Adaptive Immunity: lymphocytes, learns to respond to specific pathogens |
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Innate immunity |
Non-specific defenses from birth. Physical Barriers. Inflammation. Phagocytes. Antimicrobial chemicals: stomach acid, tears, saliva, complement proteins. |
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Inflammation |
In innate ability. Microbes get past physical barriers>damaged cells, microbes, blood vessels= increase blood flow and swell tissues, attracting WBC's and clotting> WBCs do immune |
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Lymphocytes |
White blood cells with adaptive immunity. Produced in bone marrow. B-cells and T-cells. |
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T-cells |
Lymphocyte. Cell-mediated immunity. Leave bone marrow to mature in thymus. Destroys infected body cells. Helper: stimulate b-cells to produce antibodies, stim cytotoxic t-cells to kill the infected. Cytotoxic t-cells: recognize foreign antigens on infected/foreign cells, binds to them and releases cytotoxin. |
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What are the two types of t-cells? |
Helper t-cells, cytotoxic t-cells |
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Helper t-cells |
Lymphocytes in adaptive, cell mediated immunity. Stimulate b-cells to produce antibodies, stim cytotoxic t-cells to kill infected cells. Stimulates other cells, doesn't kill. |
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Cytotoxic t-cells |
Lymphocytes in adaptive, cell mediated immunity. Recognizes foreign antigens, binds to them and releases cytotoxin that causes infected/foreign cells to die. |
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B-cells |
Mature in bone marrow. Combats pathogens through antibodies. Humoral immunity(in body fluids). Adaptive immunity. B-cell detects foreign antigen>releases tagging antibody>phagocyte eats bad cell. |
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Antigen |
Molecules on surface of pathogen which induce a specific immune response |
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Antibody |
Proteins released by b-cells. Signalling: Recognizes antigens and tags them so phagocytes can destroy. Antigen clumping: Makes pathogens & antibodies clump together so phagocytes find them. Prevent entry: coats pathogen surface so can't enter cell. Complement protein signaling: gets complement proteins which poke holes in pathogen membrane, causing it to burst. |
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Primary response to infection |
Recognition: lymphocyte antigen receptor touches foreign antigen, begins to destroy antigen. Clonal selection: lymphocyte divides into 2 groups with similar antigen receptors. Effector cells, memory cells. Attack: Effector cells attack pathogen Memory cells: remember the antigen for future reference.
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Leukocytes |
White blood cells, used in immune response. Granulocytes: visible granules vs Agranulocytes: no visible granules. Types: Neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells. |
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Neutrophil |
Leukocyte. Most common. Phagocytic. Multi-lobes nucleus. Destroy themselves AND pathogen. Release super oxides to kill many bacteria. |
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Macrophage |
Leukocyte. Big. Ingest pathogens and debris. Put pathogen fragments on their surface to inform other immune cells. |
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Dendritic cells |
Leukocyte. Have dendrites, phagocytic, put pathogen fragments on their surface to inform other immune cells. |
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Natural killer cells |
Leukocyte. Kills infected cells by poking holes in their membrane, causing them to burst. Recognize and kill cancer cells. |
