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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Lymphatics Structure and function
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components: lymph fluid: interstitial fluid that has passed into lymphatic vessels
lymphatic vessels lymphatic tissues and organs: spleen, red bone marrow, lymph nodes that contain specialized reticular connective tissue that houses large numbers of lymphocytes |
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Function
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Drains excess interstitial fluid: drains excess fluid from tissue spaces and transports back to the blood
transports dietary lipids: transport lipids and lipid soluble vitamins (A,D,E,K) absorbed from GI tract carries our immune responeses: initiates highly specific responses directed against particular microbes or abdnormal cells |
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Lymphatic circulation
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lymphatic capillaries
located in spaces between cells closed at one end very thin walls contain valves fluid flows in but not out when pressure is greater in interstitial space, cells open when pressure is greater in lymph cap, cells adhere closely lacteals: in Si and carry dietary lips into lymph vessels. This type of lymph is called chyle |
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Lymph Trunks and Ducts
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Trunks
lumbar: drains lower limbs, wall/viscera pelvis, Ki, adrenal glands, ABD wall Interstitial: drains stomach , intestines, pancreas, spleen, parts of liver Jugular: drains head and neck bronchomediastinal subclavian |
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Ducts
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Thoracic( left lymphatic): begins at L2( cisterna chyle) main duct for return of lymph to blood, receives blood from Rt/Lt lumbar & intestinal trunk, Lt jugular, lt Subclabian, Lt bronchomediastinal trunks
Rt lymphatic: drains Rt jugular, Rt subclavian, Rt bronchomediastinal(upper rt side of body) |
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flow of lymph
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3 liters/day
has small amount of protein flow: blood capillaries >interstitial spaces (interstitial fluid)>> lymphatic capillaries>>lymph vessels>>lymph ducts>>junction of the itnernal jugular and subclavian veins (blood) skeletal muslce pum: moves lymph towards junction internal jugular and subclavian veins respiratory pump: [ressure changes that occurs during inhalation (flows from abd to thoracic) |
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Lymphatic organs
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Primary lymphatic organs: site where stem cells divide and become immunocompetent (mature)
red bone marrow: b cells and pre t cells Thymus: where t cells become immunocompetent |
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Secondary lymphatic organs
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the site where moste immune responses occur.
Lymph nodes, Spleen, Lymphatic nodules(follicles) |
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Thymus
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Bilobed; separated by capsule and trabeculae
has a cortex and medulla cortex: large numbers of T cells, dendritic cells, epithelial cells and macrophages dendritic cells: derived from monocytes, assist in maturation process medulla: widely scattered more mature T cells, epithelial cells, dendiritic cells, and macrophages hassalls corpuscles |
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Lymph nodes
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about 600
located along lymphatic vessels primary lymphatic noduel: composed chiefly of B cells Secondary lymphatic nodule: site of plasma cell& memory B cell formation Outer cortex: aggregates of B cells (lymphatic nodules), mostly has secondary lymphatic nodules, inner cortex: no lymphatic nodules, mainly T cells and dendritic cells that enter a lymph node from other tissues medulla: be cells from the cortex and macrophages |
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Spleen
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Has several impressions on surface, where other organs contact spleen,
White pulp: made mostly of lymphotcytes and macrophages arranged around branches of the splenic artery red pulp: consists of blood filled venous sinuses and cords of splenic tissue (billroths cords) made of red blood cells, macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and granulocytes Function: removal of defective blood cells and platelets storage of platelets production of blood cells during fetal life |
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Lymphatic nodules
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located in lamina propria of mucous membranes lining hte GI, urinary respiratory and reproductive tracts,
also called MALT (mucosa associated lymphatic tissue) 5 tonsils: pharyngeal (adenoid, palatine (2), lingual descripb locations-- know for exam |
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Innate immunity
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includes: external physical and chemical barriers provided by the skin and mucous membranes. Various internal defenses: antimicrobial substances, natural killer cells, phagocytes, inflammation and fever
first line of defenses: antimicrobial substances, natural killer cells, phagocytes, inflammation and fever First line defense: skin and mucous membranes keratin in epidermis mucus on mucous membranes mucous coated hairs of nose cilia in respiratory tract lacrimal apparatus of eye lysozyme in Saliva flow of urine in urethra vaginal secretions defecation vomiting |
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innate immunity II
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second line of defense: internal antimicrobial substances, phagocytes, natural killer cells, inflammation and fever.
antimicrobial substances interferons produced by lymphocytes, macrophages, and firboblasts releases by viral infected cells induce synthesis of antiviral proteins that interfere with replication they do not stop the virus from attaching and penetrating three types: alpha, beta, and gamma-INF |
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Innate immunity III
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second line of defense continued complement system: normally inactive proteins in blood and on plasma membrane
when activated the proteins enhance certain immune reactions causes cytolysis of microbes, promotes phagocytosis continues inflammation iron binding proteins: inhibit the growth of certain bacteria by reducing the amount of available iron |
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Innate Immunity III
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second line of defense continued
complement system: normally inactive proteins in blood and on plasma membrane when activated the proteins enhance certain immune reactions causes cytolysis of microbes promotes phagocytosis continues inflammation iron-binding proteins- inhibit the growth of certain bacteria by reducing the amount of available iron, ie transferrin, lactoferrin, ferretin, and hemoglobin |
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Innate immunity IV
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secondary line of defense continued
antimicrobial proteins (AMPs): broad spectrum antimicrobial activity demicidin: produced by sweat glands defensins and cathelicidins: produced by neutrophils, macrophages, and apithelia thrombocidin: produced by platelets attract dendritic cells and mast cells which participate in immune response |
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Innate Immunity
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Second line of defense continued
natural killer cells and phagocytes |
