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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What functions do anaphylatoxins have?
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increase vascular permeability, chemotactic factor for phagocyte and lymphocyte
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What does it mean that cytokines act in either an autocrine or a paracrine manner?
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autocrine: these are produced by and act on themselves
paracrine: can act on other cells |
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Describe the difference between necrosis and aptosis.
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necrosis: external cell death-DNA clumping, swollen organelles,
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GALT
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Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue
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PALS
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Periarteriolar Lymphatic Sheath
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Postulates of the clonal selection hypothesis:
1. Each lymphocyte bears... |
a single type of receptor with a unique specificity.
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Postulates of the clonal selection hypothesis:
2. Interaction between a foreign molecule and a lymphocyte receptor capable of binding that molecule with high affinity... |
leads to lymphocyte activation.
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Postulates of the clonal selection hypothesis:
3. The differentiated effector cells derived from an activated lymphocyte will bear receptors of identical specificity to those of... |
the parental cell from which that lymphocyte was derived.
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Postulates of the clonal selection hypothesis:
4. Lymphocytes bearing receptors specific for... are deleted at an early stage in lymphoid cell development and are therefore absent from the repertoire of mature lymphocytes. |
ubiquitous self molecules
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The normal response to an infectious agent is...
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protective immunity.
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The normal response to an innocuous substance is...
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allergy.
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The normal response to a grafted organ is...
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rejection.
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The normal response to a self organ is...
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autoimmunity.
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The normal response to a tumor is...
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tumor immunity.
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The deficient response to an infectious agent is...
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recurrent infections.
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The deficient response to an innocuous substance is...
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no response.
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The deficient response to a grafted organ is...
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acceptance.
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The deficient response to a self organ is...
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self tolerance.
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The deficient response to a tumor is...
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cancer.
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What is the most effective means of controlling infectious diseases?
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vaccination
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T or F... B and T cells don't recognize the same epitopes.
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True
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SSPE
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Subacute sclerosing panenchaloalitis
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Myeloid cell lineage...
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macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells
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Activated function of macrophages?
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Phagocytosis and activation of bactericidal mechanisms; Ag presentation.
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Activated function of dendritic cells?
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Antigen uptake in peripheral sites; antigen presentation in lymph nodes.
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Activated function of neutrophils?
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Phagocytosis and activation of bactericidal mechanisms.
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Activated function of eosinophils?
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Killing of antibody-coated parasites.
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Activated function of basophils?
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Unknown.
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Activated function of mast cells?
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Release of granules containing histamine and other active agents.
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Once immature dendritic cells encounter antigen, where do they go?
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Upon encountering Ag, dendritic cells go to the lymph nodes and become activated.
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What do TLRs recognize?
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TLRs recognize patterns on bacterial surfaces.
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Macrophages have a ... nucleus.
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macrophages have a round nucleus
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Neutrophils have... granules.
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neutral
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Neutrophils have a .... nucleus.
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multilobed
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Neutrophils are also called...
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polymorphic leukocyte or PMN
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Eosinophils have ... granules.
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pinkish-red
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Basophils have ... granules.
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blue-staining
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Process of phagocytosis and degradation of bugs...
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1. Bacterium becomes attached to membrane evaginations called pseudopodia.
2. Bacteria is ingested, forming phagosome. 3. Phagosome fuses with lysosome. 4. Lysosomal enzymes digest captured material. 5. Digestion products are released from the cell. |
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Natural Killer (NK) cells are NOT...
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an activated lymphocyte.
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What are the primary lymphoid organs?
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1. Bone marrow
2. Thymus |
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What are the secondary lymphoid organs?
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1. Lymph nodes
2. Spleen 3. BALT 4. GALT 5. MALT |
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MALT
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Mucosal associated lymphoid tissue
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BALT
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Bronchial associated lymphoid tissue
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The thymus gland gradually decreases in size...
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with age.
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The... of the thymus form a network surrounding developing thymocytes.
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epithelial cells
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Primary lymphoid organs are where...
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lymphocytes develop
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Secondary lymphoid organs are where...
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lymphocytes are maintained and interact with Ag.
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The place where lymphocytes sit and differentiate to become mature cells...
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Fine reticular fibers
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Lymphatic vessels opening in the tissues...
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pick up interstitial tissue fluid and carry it into larger vessels.
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Lymphocytes encounter Ag in...
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peripheral lymphoid organs.
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...leave lymph nodes and enter the circulation.
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Effector cells
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