Imm - Lecture 7 - Chapter 16 - Intestinal Parasites

Front 1

Which Parasites cause Localized Infections?

Back 1

-Giardia Intestinalis
-Cryptosporidium Parvum
-Cycospora Caytanesis
-Enterobius Vermicularis

Front 2

What does Giardia cause? What can result from this?

Back 2

-Diarrhea
-Different Kinds - Mild, Explosive, Fatty
-Can lead to Malnutrition

Front 3

What are the 2 Forms of Giardia? What is each one's significance?

Back 3

-Trophozoite - Replicative Form
-Cyst - Survival Form

Front 4

How is Giardia Acquired?

Back 4

Contaminated Drinking Water

Front 5

How does Giardia leave its host? What must it do after?

Back 5

-Through Stools
-Cannot Survive in the Environment: Must be in Cyst form or find host

Front 6

What are some of the Virulence Factors of Giardia Trophozoites?

Back 6

-Flagella - Motility
-Sucking Disk on Ventral Surface: Damage Mucosal Cells, Can lead to Malnutrition

Front 7

-Ventral Surface of microbe has a Sucking Disk
-Looks like patient is losing weight
What is it?

Back 7

Giardia

Front 8

What is the Treatment for Giardia? Why?

Back 8

-Usually rehydration and Metrondiazole
-Self-limiting but Usually Persists: want to get rid of it

Front 9

What is the Traditional Diagnosis Method for Giardia?

Back 9

Visualization in Fecal Specimens

Front 10

How is Cryptosporidium Parvam acquired?

Back 10

Contaminated Drinking Water

Front 11

Describe the Life Cycle of Cryptosporidium Parvam.

Back 11

-Oocysts - Ingested
-Sporozoite Form is Released and Stimulated Uptake by Epithelial Cells
-In Epithelia - Undergoes Replication and releases Oocysts

Front 12

This is the life cycle of which parasite?
-Oocysts - Ingested
-Sporozoite Form is Released and Stimulated Uptake by Epithelial Cells
-In Epithelia - Undergoes Replication and releases Oocysts

Back 12

Cryptosporidium Parvam

Front 13

Which parasite is typically treated with Rehydration but with Antiretrovirals in AIDS patients?

Back 13

Cryptosporidium Parvam

Front 14

How is Cryptosporidium Parvam treated?

Back 14

-Rehydration
-Antiretrovirals - AIDS Patients

Front 15

How is Cyclospora Cayetanensis spread?

Back 15

Contaminated Fruits and Vegetables

Front 16

How is Cyclospora Cayetanensis Diagnosed?

Back 16

Oocyst in the Feces

Front 17

Which parasite is treated with Sulfonamides?

Back 17

Cyclospora Cayetanensis

Front 18

How is Cyclospora Cayetanensis Treatment?

Back 18

Sulfonamides

Front 19

Describe the Life Cycle of Enterobius Vermicularis.

Back 19

-Eggs on Perianal Folds
-Ingested by Humans
-Larvae Hatch in the SI
-Adult Pathogen moves to Cecum
-Migrate to Perianal Region to lay Eggs

Front 20

Life Cycle. What is the parasite?
-Eggs on Perianal Folds
-Ingested by Humans
-Larvae Hatch in the SI
-Adult Pathogen moves to Cecum
-Migrate to Perianal Region to lay Eggs

Back 20

Enterobius Vermicularis

Front 21

What is another name for a Enterobius Vermicularis infection?

Back 21

Pinworm

Front 22

What is another name for a Pinworm infection?

Back 22

Enterobius Vermicularis

Front 23

What are some symptoms of Enterobius Vermicularis Infection? Why?

Back 23

-Anal Itching and Rash
-Due to Allergic Response

Front 24

What is the treatment for Enterobius Vermicularis?

Back 24

-Enemas - Introduce Liquids into Retum and Colon via Anus
-Antinematode Drugs (sometimes)

Front 25

Which parasites are Invasive?

Back 25

-Entamoeba Histolytica
-Toxoplasma Gondii
-Ascaris Lumbricoides
Toxocara Canis

Front 26

Which Parasite causes Amebic Dystentery?

Back 26

Entamoeba Histolytica

Front 27

Who usually carries Entamoeba Histolytica?

Back 27

Travelers or Emigrants

Front 28

Life Cycle. What is the parasite?
-Cysts + Trophozoits passed in Feces
-Mature Cysts are Ingested
-Colonizes the Colon and Lives on Bacteria

Back 28

Entamoeba Histolytica

Front 29

Describe the Life Cycle of Entamoeba Histolytica.

Back 29

-Cysts + Trophozoits passed in Feces
-Mature Cysts are Ingested
-Colonizes the Colon and Lives on Bacteria

Front 30

What are the 2 forms of Entamoeba Histolytica?

Back 30

Trophozoite
Cyst

Front 31

What factors allows Entamoeba Histolytica to be Invasive?

Back 31

-Adhesins - Attach to Mucosal Cells
-Amoebapores - Pore-Forming Peptides
-Hydrolytic Enzymes

Front 32

What can happen if Entamoeba Histolytica enters the Bloodstream?

Back 32

-Can Invade other Organs
-Causes Abscesses

Front 33

Which organs (besides Intestine) does Entamoeba Histolytica usually invade?

Back 33

-Liver
-Lungs

Front 34

Which parasite can cause Abscesses in the Liver and Lungs if it enters the blood?

Back 34

Entamoeba Histolytica

Front 35

How is Entamoeba Histolytica Diagnosed?

Back 35

Visualization of Trophozoites or Cysts in Feces

Front 36

How is Entamoeba Histolytica treated?

Back 36

Antiprotozoal Agents
-Iodoquinol
-Metronidazole

Front 37

Why might there be a difference of opinion as to whether to treat asymptomatic carriers of Entamoeba histolytica?

Back 37

It might not be doing anything right now but it could lead to activity if it gets into the bloodstream

Front 38

Which parasite causes Toxoplasmosis?

Back 38

Toxoplasma Gondii

Front 39

What types of symptoms does Toxoplasma Gondii usually cause?

Back 39

-If they are Healthy - Not much
-Immunocomrpomised and Fetuses - Can be Serious

Front 40

Which parasite requires Cats for its Complete Life Cycle?

Back 40

Toxoplasma Gondii

Front 41

Describe the Life Cycle of Toxoplasma Gondii.

Back 41

-Cysts shed in Feces of Cat
-Ingested by Humans and Animals
-End up as Trophozoites (Tachyzoites) in Tissues

Front 42

Life Cycle. What is it?
-Cysts shed in Feces of Cat
-Ingested by Humans and Animals
-End up as Trophozoites (Tachyzoites) in Tissues

Back 42

Toxoplasma Gondii

Front 43

How is Toxoplasma Gondii usually acquired?

Back 43

Ingestion of Undercooked Meat containing Tachyzoites

Front 44

Which parasite is usually acquired by Ingestion of Undercooked Meat containing Tachyzoites?

Back 44

Toxoplasma Gondii

Front 45

What are the different forms of Toxoplasma Gondii?

Back 45

-Oocyst
-Cyst
-Tachyzoite

Front 46

Describe how Toxoplasma Gondii invades.

Back 46

-Tachyzoites penetrate Gi Mucosa to enter Circulation
-Invade many Cells
-Parasite is in a membrane in the cell
-Tachyzoites multiply, kill, and form cysts

Front 47

How does Toxoplasma Gondii affect the fetus?

Back 47

-Cross the Placenta
-Fetus usually dies
-Survivors are often Blind or Brain-Damaged

Front 48

Why is Toxoplasma Gondii treatment of pregnant women not always successful?

Back 48

-Not diagnosed early enough

Front 49

Why should Pregnant women avoid Cat Litter, Undercooked Meat, and Unpasteurized Milk?

Back 49

To avoid Toxoplasma Gondii which could fuck up their baby

Front 50

What do the Larvae of Ascaris Lumbricoides do in the Body?

Back 50

-Enter through Bloodstream, Invade Mucosa
-Migrate through the body
-Develop in the Lung
-Migrate to Esophagus
-Lay Eggs in Intestine

Front 51

What type of parasite (physically) is Ascaris Lumbricoides?

Back 51

Roundworm

Front 52

How is Ascaris Lumbricoides infection treated? How does this treatment work?

Back 52

-Antihelminthic Compounds
-Paralyze the Worm

Front 53

What type of parasite (physically) is Toxocara Canis?

Back 53

Roundworm

Front 54

Where is Toxocara Canis often found?

Back 54

Dogs mofo

Front 55

How do the Larvae of Toxocara Canis act?

Back 55

-Leave Intestinal Tract
-Migrate through Body - Visceral Larval Migrans

Front 56

What can Toxocara Canis cause? How common is this?

Back 56

-Eye and Lung Damage
-Not very - Symptomatic Infections are Uncommon

Front 57

Who usually gets infected with Toxocara Canis?

Back 57

-Children
-Often Eat Contaminated Dirt

Front 58

What is typically the Treatment for Toxocara Canis?

Back 58

-Drug to Kill Worms
-Remove Child from Source of Infection

Front 59

What can Visceral Larval Migrans from Toxocara Canis lead to?

Back 59

Necrosis