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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What type of Bacteria is H. Pylori? (ex. aerobe, etc.)
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Microaerophile - Likes Oxygen but not too much
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Where is H. Pylori often found?
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Stomach
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How does H. Pylori survive in the stomach?
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-Uses Urease
-Urease creates a basic environment around H. Pylori -Allows it to withstand Acid |
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How does H. Pylori mimic self?
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Produces an O-Antigen
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How does H. Pylori get Proteins into cells of the Stomach?
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Type 4 Secretion System
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What does H. Pylori use to get to Epithelial Cells of the Stomach? Why does it want to go there?
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-Flagella
-Can't survive in the Acidic Stomach forever |
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What type of pH does Helicobacter need to survive? Explain.
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-Neutral
-Uses Urease to create this |
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What causes Ulcers?
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-H. Pylori
-Inflammatory Response |
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How do you treat Ulcers?
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-Drugs - Pepto-Bismol, Zantac
-Resistance |
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What makes E. Coli dangerous?
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-Its usually not
-Part of Normal Flora -Harmful if they acquire Virulence Factors on Plasmids or Bacteriophage |
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Which type of E. Coli is associated with Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections?
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UPEC
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Which type of E. Coli is associated with Diarrhea and Endemic Diarrhea?
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ETEC and EPEC
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Which type of E. Coli is associated with Dysentery?
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EIEC and Shigella
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What is Dysentery?
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Inflammatory disorder of the intestine, especially of the colon, that results in severe diarrhea containing mucus and/or blood in the feces
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What causes Traveler's Diarrhea?
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E. Coli - ETEC
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What are the Major Virulence Factors of ETEC?
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-Pili - Allow Attachment to SI
-LT (Labile Toxin) - Essentially Identical Cholera Toxin -ST (Stabile Toxin) - Hormone Analog |
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Which Bacteria (be specific) has all of the following Virulence Factors:
-Pili to attach to the SI -LT (Labile Toxin) - Like Cholera Toxin -ST (Stabile Toxin) - Hormone Analog |
ETEC (E.Coli)
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What is the Treatment for Traveler's Diarrhea? Why?
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-Caused by ETEC
-Oral Rehydration -Self-limiting Disease |
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What is ETEC? What does it cause?
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-Enterotoxigenic E. Coli
-Traveler's Diarrhea |
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What is EPEC?
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Enteropathogenic E.Coli
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What causes Malabsorptive Diarrhea? Secretory Diarrhea?
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-EPEC
-ETEC |
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Which bug causes Infant Diarrhea?
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EPEC
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Describe the mechanism of Action of EPEC. Use its virulence factors to help.
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-Uses a Pilus to attach to the Large Intestine
-Type III Secretion System causes Actin Rearrangement -Result is "Pedestals" and Loss of Microvilli -Malabsorptive Diarrhea results |
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What are the Virulence Factors of EPEC?
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-Pili - Attach to the Large Intestine
-Type II Secretion System - Causes Actin Rearrangement, Doesn't Invage, Pedestals and Loss of Microvilli |
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Which Pathogen has the following Virulence Factors?
-Pili - Attach to the Large Intestine -Type II Secretion System |
EPEC
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What is the treatment for EPEC?
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Oral Rehydration
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What is EHEC?
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Enterohermorrhagic E. Coli?
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Which Pathogen has the following Virulence Factors?
-Pili -Type II Secretion System -Carries a Phage that makes a Shiga-Like Toxin |
EHEC
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Which bug are you likely infected with if you have bloody Diarrhea?
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EHEC
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Which bug are you likely infected with if you have secretory Diarrhea?
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ETEC
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Which bug are you likely infected with if you have malabsorptive Diarrhea?
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EPEC
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What Virulence Factors does EHEC have?
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-Pili
-Type II Secretion System -Carries a Phage that makes a Shiga-Like Toxin |
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What does EHEC cause?
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-Bloody Diarrhea
-Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome |
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What is Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome? What causes it?
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-Damage to the Kidney
-Kidney Failure -Death due to Kidney Failure -EHEC |
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If you are at a hospital, and you hear a doctor talking about "O157 Strain", which pathogen are they discussing?
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EHEC
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What type of Toxin does EHEC produce? What does it target?
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-SLT - Shiga-Like Toxin
-Endothelial Cells |
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What is the Structure of EHEC SLT?
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A-5B Toxin
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Where are Shiga Toxin Genes Transcribed?
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-Late Operon of Lambdoid Phages
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When is Shiga Toxin Produced?
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When the phage goes Lytic
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What does DNA Damage do to Lambdoid Phages?
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Causes them to release Shiga-Like Toxin
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Why would treating a patient who has Lambdoid Phages with DNA Dyrase Inhibitors like Ciprofloxacin be a bad idea?
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-WIll activate the phage
-Get it to start producing SLT -Fucks shit up |
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How is EIEC different from other E. Coli?
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it is non-motile
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EIEC has a low ID50. What does that mean?
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It is very deadly
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What will EIEC cause?
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Dysentary
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How does Shigella get into Cells?
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-Type II Secretion System
-Goes through Lamina Propria -Invades Epithelium from Underside |
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What is thought to be the targed of Shigella?
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M Cells
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How does Shigella Spread from Cell to Cell?
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-Laterally through the Epithelium
-Ends up in a Double Membrane in the Next Cell |
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What is the usual treatment of Acute Diarrhea?
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Oral Rehydration
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What can be used to treat Diarrhea in severe cases? What are some negatives to doing this?
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-Antibiotics
-Anti-Motility Agents - Will make the person feel better but will make it last longer |
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What is Clostridium Colitis also known as?
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Pseudomembranous Colitis
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What is Pseudomembranous Colitis also known as?
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Clostridium Colitis
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What type of pathogen is Clostridium Difficile?
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Obligate Anaerobic Spore Former
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What happen is you treat Clostridium Difficle with Antibiotics? Which other pathogens might the same thing happen with?
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-Causes Diarrhea
-EHEC SLT |
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How do you treat Clostridium Difficile?
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2 Together
-Antibiotics - Kill the Bacteria but cause Toxin to be released -Vancomycin and Metronidazole - Kills Spores, Take care of the rest |
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Who is most prone to Listeria Monocytogenes Infection?
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-Pregnant Women/Fetus
-Immunocompromised |
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When does Listeria Monocytogenes grow?
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4 degrees celsius
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What is so fucking scary about Listeria Monocytogenes?
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-Extremely Invasive
-One of a few Organisms that can cross the placenta and Gain Access to the Fetus |
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What are the Virulence Factors of Listeria Monocytogenes?
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-Invasion Factor
-Hemolysins -Grows in the Cytoplasm -Moves through Cytoplasm by using Host Actin |
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Which pathogen has the following Virulence Factors?
-Invasion Factor -Hemolysins -Grows in the Cytoplasm -Moves through Cytoplasm by using Host Actin |
Listeria Monocytogenes
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Who does Listeria Monocytogenes usually infect?
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Fetus
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What types of effects does Listeria Monocytogenes usually have in normal people?
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-Not Much
-Mild diarrhea |
