Imm - Lecture 4 - Gi 1

Front 1

What are some Bacteria that cause Toxin-Mediated Disease through Food?

Back 1

-Staph Aureus
-Clostridium Botulinum
-Clostridium Perfringens
-Bacillus Cereus

Front 2

What type of Morphological Characteristics does Staph Aureus have?

Back 2

-Gram Positive
-Cocci

Front 3

Where is Staph Auerus found as Normal Flora?

Back 3

In the Nose

Front 4

What type of Evasive Mechanism is involved in Toxic Shock Syndrome?

Back 4

Superantigens

Front 5

How many different types of Toxins does Staph Auerus produce? What are some of them?

Back 5

-8
-Hemolysins - Break up Membranes
-Leukocidins - Kills Phagocytes

Front 6

What type of toxins break up membranes?

Back 6

Hemolysins

Front 7

What type of toxins kill phagocytes?

Back 7

Leukocidins

Front 8

How do Super-duper Antigens work?

Back 8

-Bypass Antigen Action
-Directly Cross-Link MHC and TCRs in an Antigen-Independent Mechanisms
-Massive IL-2 Release > TNF > Leads to Toxic Shock

Front 9

What types of Foods is Staphylococcal Food Poisoning usually associated with?

Back 9

High Protein Foods

Front 10

What is the most common type of Staph Auerus Toxin?

Back 10

SEA

Front 11

By what mechanism does increased Acid and Heat help stop Staphylococcal Food Poisoning?

Back 11

-It doesn't you fucking idiot
-They are Heat and Acid Stable

Front 12

What causes Staphylococcygeal Food Poisoning, the toxin or the actual bacterial cells?

Back 12

THE TOXIN

Front 13

Describe the Onset of Staphlococcal Food Poisoning? Why is this way?

Back 13

-Rapid
-Bug doesn't need to make the toxin
-Toxin is preformed

Front 14

Describe the Resolution of Staphlococcal Food Poisoning? Why is this way?

Back 14

-Rapid
-Once Toxin is Expelled, so are the effects

Front 15

What is the treatment for Staphlococcal Food Poisoning? Why?

Back 15

-Oral Rehydration
-Nothing to Treat
-Bug is Irrelevant
-Just gotta pass the toxin
-Want to prevent Dehydration in the meantime

Front 16

Describe the Morphology of Clostridia.

Back 16

Gram Positive Rods

Front 17

Where are Clostridia found?

Back 17

Ubiquitous Soil Organisms

Front 18

Does Staph Aureus form Spores? What about Clostridia?

Back 18

-No
-Yes

Front 19

Which bug causes Botulism?

Back 19

Clostridium Botulinum

Front 20

Which bug causes Tetanus?

Back 20

Clostridium Tetani

Front 21

Which bug causes Gas Gangrene and Food Poisoning?

Back 21

Clostridium Perfringens

Front 22

What does Clostridium Botulinum cause?

Back 22

Botulism

Front 23

What does Clostridium Tetani cause?

Back 23

Tetanus

Front 24

What does Clostridium Perfringens cause?

Back 24

-Gas Gangrene
-Food Poisoning

Front 25

What type of bugs are Clostridia? (ex. aerobes, etc.)

Back 25

-THEY DON'T LIKE AIR JERDAN
-Obligate Anaerobes

Front 26

What's the big fucking deal about spores?

Back 26

They are highly Environmentally Resistant

Front 27

What is the best method we have to fight against Spores and Botulism?

Back 27

-Autoclave - Pressure Cooker

Front 28

What will Increasing Acidity and Heat do to Botulinum Toxin?

Back 28

-Acid - Won't help because toxin is Acid-Resistant
-Heat Labile - Susceptible to Heat - Will help fight Toxin

Front 29

What happens in you Ingest Tetanus Toxin? Why?

Back 29

-Nothing
-The Bacteria is not Acid Resistant (Botulinum is)
-Have to get in a beat up wound

Front 30

What is the most Toxic Biological Substance known?

Back 30

BoTox

Front 31

What type of Toxin is BoTox?

Back 31

AB Type Toxin

Front 32

How does Botox work? What is the result

Back 32

-Proteases Cleave Proteins at NMJs
-Blocks ACh Release
-Flaccid Paralysis Results

Front 33

Describe the Major Steps in Toxin Action.

Back 33

-Ingestion
-Transported across Epithelium
Goes through Circulation
Gets into Neurons and NMJs
-Acidification of Vacuoles Activates Subunit
-Delivery to Neuron to fuck shit up

Front 34

Will Fever or Sepsis result from Clostridia? Why or why not?

Back 34

-No
-Bug is Irrelevant

Front 35

What are some symptoms of Clostridium Ingestion?

Back 35

-Difficulty Focusing Vision
-Difficulty Swallowing
-Cranial Nerve Malfunction

Front 36

Why don't you feed babies Honey?

Back 36

-Clostridum in the Honey
-Babies don't have normal Flora
-Can lead to Floppy Baby Syndrom

Front 37

What is Floppy Baby Syndrome? How does it result?

Back 37

-Infant Botulism
-Babies don't have Normal Flora yet
-Leads to Constipation, Feeding Problems, Lethargy, Poor Muscle Tone

Front 38

How do you treat Botulism?

Back 38

-Antitoxin (Horse Serum) from CDC
-Supportive Therapy

Front 39

How the fuck do you get food poisoning from Clostridium Perfringens?

Back 39

-Ingest Large Quantities of Organisms
-Ingest Contaminated Food

Front 40

What type of Food is Clostridium Perfringens Poisoning usually associated with?

Back 40

Meat

Front 41

What happens when Clostridium Perfringens enters the stomach?

Back 41

-Stomach induces Spore Formation
-Leads to Formation of Toxin

Front 42

What is the treatment for Clostridium Perfringens?

Back 42

-Oral Rehydration
-Self-Limiting Diarrhea

Front 43

What are Symptoms of Clostridium Perfringens Food Poisoning?

Back 43

-Diarrhea
-Cramps and Pain
-Vomitting is Rare

Front 44

How the fuck do you get food poisoning from Clostridium Perfringens?

Back 44

-Ingest Large Quantities of Organisms
-Ingest Contaminated Food

Front 45

What type of Food is Clostridium Perfringens Poisoning usually associated with?

Back 45

Meat

Front 46

What happens when Clostridium Perfringens enters the stomach?

Back 46

-Stomach induces Spore Formation
-Leads to Formation of Toxin

Front 47

What is the treatment for Clostridium Perfringens?

Back 47

-Oral Rehydration
-Self-Limiting Diarrhea

Front 48

What are Symptoms of Clostridium Perfringens Food Poisoning?

Back 48

-Diarrhea
-Cramps and Pain
-Vomitting is Rare

Front 49

What types of Food Poisoning Bacteria are found in Soil?

Back 49

-Bacillus Cereus
-Clostridia

Front 50

What is the big difference between Bacillus Cerus and Clostridia?

Back 50

-Clostridia - Obligate Anerobes
-Bacillus Cereus - Aerobes

Front 51

How are Bacillus Cerus and Clostridia similar?

Back 51

-Spore Formers
-Diarrhea - from Meat usually

Front 52

Where do Spores of Bacillus Cereus germinate?

Back 52

Cooked Food

Front 53

What is an Emetic Toxin? What does the Emetic form the Bacillus Cereus Toxin cause?

Back 53

-Preformed
-Projectile Vomitting

Front 54

What is the difference between Emetic and Diarrheal Toxin forms of Bacillus Cereus Toxin? What do they usually cause?

Back 54

-Diarrheal - Formed In Vivo - Diarrhea and Pain
-Emetic - Preformed - Projectile Vomitting