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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Tolerance
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immunological unresponsiveness to an antigen
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Tolerance involves exclusion of
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self-reactive T and B cells
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Tolerance induced by
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central and peripheral mechanisms
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Central tolerance
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clonal deletion, T cells selected based on affinity
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Peripheral tolerance
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clonal anergy
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Tolerogenic self-antigens
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present in generative organs, no second signals, long lasting
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Immunogenic foreign antigens
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not present in generative organs, presented with second signals, short lived
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Autoimmunity
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breakdown of tolerance to self antigens leading to an adaptive immune response to self
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Autoimmune factors
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genetic predisposition, enviro triggers, other
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Genetic predisposition
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polygenic, often linked to MHC alleles
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Enviro triggers
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inflammatory stimuli, infections, UV
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Other factors
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age, hormonal, sex, stress
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Caprine arthritis and encephalitis
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retrovirus, causes severe polyarthritis
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Canine systemic lupus erythematosus
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autoantibodies to DNA, causes fever, stiff gait, anemia, leukopenia, dermatitis
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Canine DM
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CD8+ cells attack pancreatic beta cells
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Experimental autoimmunity
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EAE- experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
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Immunodeficiency
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dysfunction/deficiency of 1+ components of adaptive or innate immune system
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Immunosuppression
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inhibition of 1+ components of adaptive or innate immune system
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Primary immunodeficiency
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congenital, caused by genetic or developmental factor
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Primary ex:
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chediak-higashi syndrome, BLAD, CLAD, SCID, selective IgA deficiencies
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Chediak-higashi
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lysosomal fusion defect, affects macrophages
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CLAD
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canine leukocyte adhesion deficiency, leukocytes can’t pavement
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SCID
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DNA religation deficiency
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Secondary immunodeficiency
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acquired, resulting from exposure to some agent or insult
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Secondary ex:
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virus-induced immunosuppression, malnutrition, exercise/stress, drug/toxin, microbial/parasitic, age induced
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Virus-induced ex:
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infectious bursal disease virus, canine distemper virus, simian immunodeficiency virus, feline immunodeficiency virus
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Infectious bursal disease virus
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causes B cell deficiency in birds
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SIV
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CD4+ T cells depleted
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FIV
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retrovirus, infects CD4 and CD8 T cells, causes lymphopenia
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FIV stages
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acute infection, asymptomatic carrier, persistent generalized lymphadenopathy, AIDS related complex, AIDs
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