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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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- What are the questions we need to ask to find out if something is ergonomic?
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• WHO? (Who (user) was it designed for?)
• WHAT? (What task was it designed for?) • WHAT? (What environment will it be used in? |
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- What do BLS and USBLS stand for?
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• BLS: The Bureau of Labor Statistics
• USBLS: The United States Bureau of Labor Statistics |
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- What do OSHA and MIOSHA stand for? NIOSH?
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• OSHA: Occupational Safety and Health Administration (Brawn/enforces rules)
• MIOSHA: Michigan Occupational Safety and Health Administration • NIOSH: National Institure of Occupational Safety and Health (Brains/makes rules) |
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- According to USBLC (2007), what is is the number of:
• Total Recordable Cases of Injuries & Illnesses? • Cases Involving Days away from Work? • Cases Involving Strains, Sprains, and Tears? • Cases Involving Injuries to the Back? |
• Total Recordable Cases of Injuries & Illnesses?
• Cases Involving Days away from Work? • Cases Involving Strains, Sprains, and Tears? • Cases Involving Injuries to the Back? |
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- What is the basic definition of Ergonomics?
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Ergonomics is defined as the design of the workplace, equipment, machine, tool, product, environment and, system, taking into consideration human's physical, physiological, biomechanical and psychological capabilities; and optimizing the effectiveness and productivity of work systems while assuring the safety, health and well-being of the workers.
Ergonomics is fitting the task to the individual. |
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- What the usual results of the application of ergonomics principles?
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• Increased productivity
• Increased efficiency • Improved health & safety • Increased job satisfaction • Increased work quality • Lower worker turnover • Lower lost time at work • Lower worker's compensation claims • Less likelihood of OSHA fines |
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- What needs to be looked at in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the ergonomic program?
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• FREQUENCY of injuries/illnesses/cases
o Number o Rate • SEVERITY of injuries/illnesses/cases o Lost time |
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- What does total injury/incidence rate include?
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It is important to know that the term incidence rate is a general term and that it includes the following:
• Injury incidence rate • Illness incidence rate • Fatality incidence rate • Lost-workday-cases incidence rate • Number-of-lost-workdays rate • Specific-hazard incidence rate • Lost-workday-injuries rate (LWDI) |
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- How can the incidence rate be calculated?
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Total injuries/illnesses/incidence rate = (Number of injuries & illnesses including fatalities)/(Total Number of Hours Worked by all employees during the period covered)
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- What does NAICS stand for?
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North American Industry Classification System.
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- How was the NAICS developed?
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The North American Industry Classification System was developed using a production-oriented conceptual framework, groups establishments into industries based on the activity in which they are primarily engaged.
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- How does the NAICS classify economic activities?
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The North American Industry Classification System uses a six-digit coding system to classify all economic activity into twenty industry sectors.
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- How much time is the full time worker typically on the job?
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A full time worker is typically on the job 50 weeks per year at 40 hours per week => 2000 hours/year
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- What is the difference b/w Proactive Ergonomics and Reactive Ergonomics?
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• Proactive Ergonomics: Making changes BEFORE injuries occur
• Reactive Ergonomics: Making changes AFTER injuries occur |
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• Reactive Ergonomics: Making changes AFTER injuries occur
- What are the characteristics of the human? |
• Strength
• Body size • General health • Gender • Age • Motivation • Training/experience |
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- What are the characteristics of the task?
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• Energy demands
• Frequency • Weight/force • Starting/Ending point of the motion • Speed of lift • Exposure time • Size & shape of load • Workplace geometry • Coupling (Handles) |
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- What are the characteristics of the environment?
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• Climate/thermal stresses (Heat/Cold)
• Light • Noise • Vibration • Chemicals • Platform motion (Acceleration) • Radiation • Traction (Slips) |
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- Explain the Basic Ergonomic Model:
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We need to check if the object is designed to accommodate 75% or more (95% or more according to the book) of the people that will use it. If it does not, then we need to see if engineering changes are possible, if they are then we let engineering controls take care of it. If engineering changes are not possible, administrative controls should take place.
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What are possible engineering changes?
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- equipment design
- workstation design/redesign |
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What are possible administrative changes?
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- training
- worker selection - work pace/frequency |
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- What are the results of ergonomics applications?
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• Matching job requirements & worker capabilities.
• Understanding the effects of work on humans & their performance. • Predicting the potential effects of work • Assessing the fitness of the workplace and/or tools • Establishing a knowledge base support o Designers o Engineers o Medical personnel |
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- What are the systems within the Human Body
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• Nervous system
• Musculoskeletal system • Cardiovascular system |
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- Nervous system: (Somatic Nervous system)
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• Central nervous system
o Brain o Spinal cord • Peripheral nerves o Efferent nerves: Motor nerves o Afferent nerves: Sensory nerves |
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- Neuron: The structural and functional unit of all nervous tissue (nerve cell)
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Structure:
• soma- cell body • Axon- conduct nerve impulses away from cell bodies • Dendrites- mediate impulses from other neurons to the soma |
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- What are the functions of the nerves?
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• Control system
• Regulates external and internal activities • Monitors a variety of sensations • Factors influencing the working of a neuron o sensitivity of stimuli o Ability to transmit a stimulus • Stimulation of nerves o Impulse travels along nerver fiber |
