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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Physical location, derivatives, and articulations of the mesonephric ducts
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Develops from cells on the lateral aspect of the urogenital ridge. Courses in a craniocaudal axis and ends into the urogenital sinus near its midline. In caudal portion, seminal vesicle forms as a diverticulum in males.
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Physical location,derivatives, and articulations of the paramesonephric ducts
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Form bilaterally to the mesonephric ducts, aligned craniocaudally. Open cephalically into the peritoneal cavity, and caudally empty into the urogenital sinus. As they develop, they grow towards the posterior wall of the UGS. Cranial portion forms uterine tubes, caudally the ducts fuse to form major portion of the uterus. Form appendix of testis and prostatic utricle in males.
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Derivatives of the mesonephric tubules
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Appendix of epididymus and paradidymus
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What is the pelvic cavity divided into? What separates them? How is this separation formed?
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Anterior vesicouterine pouch and posterior rectouterine pouch (og Douglas). Separated by broad ligament that supports the uterus; formed from mesodermally-derived mesentery.
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Formation of the vagina
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Formed during 5th month from intermediate mesoderm and endoderm. Formed when the paramesonephric ducts fuse with the posterior wall of the urogential sinus, an outgrowth, vaginal plate, is formed. Canalization of the plate connects upper vagina derived from paramesonephric duct and lower vagina formed from endoderm of UGS.
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Derivatives of mesonephric ducts in males
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Appendix of epididymis
Duct of epididymis Ductus deferens Ureter, pelvis, calyces, collecting tubules Ejaculatory duct Seminal vesicles |
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Derivatives of mesonephric ducts in females
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Appendix vesiculosa
Duct of epoophoron Duct of Gartner Ureter, pelvis, calyces, collecting tubules |
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Derivatives of paramesonephric ducts in females
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Hydatid (of Morgagni)
Uterine tube Uterus Upper portion of vagina |
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External genitalia formation
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-arise from a midline genital tubercle of UGS and paried urethral external folds made of somatic mesoderm with overlying ectoderm
-folds arise lateral to urogenital membrane and fuse with genital tubercle in 6th week. -2nd set of paired foldings, labioscrotal swellings, develop lateral to urogenital folds -indistinguishable till 7th week |
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How and when is cloaca/cloacal membrane divided?
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Divided by urorectal septum in 5th week into an anterior urogenital sinus and a posterior rectum. Cloacal membrane concurrently split into anterior urogenital membrane and posterior anal membrane.
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development of male external genitalia
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week 10: genital tubercle enlongates into the glans penis and shaft. During late fetal development, urogenital folds form body of penis and labioscrotal swellings for scrotum. UGS forms the penile urethra, which extends with urethral fold fusing in the midline to encompass the penile urethra: terminal urethra from surface endoderm, erectile tissue form mesoderm.
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development of female genitalia
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genital rubercle becomes glans clitoris and shaft of clitoris. urogenital folds do not fuse, but becomes labia minora that are lateral to the urogenital membrane (hymen). unfused labioscrotal folds become labia majora.
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derivatives of urogenital sinus in males
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Urinary bladder
Urethra (except navicular fossa) Prostatic utricle Prostate gland Bulbourethral glands Seminal colliculus |
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derivatives of genital tubercle in males
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Penis
Glans penis Corpora cavernosa penis Corpus spongiosum penis |
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derivatives of urogenital folds and labioscrotal swellings in males
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Ventral aspect of penis, scrotum
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derivatives of UGS in females
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Urinary bladder
Urethra Vagina Urethral glands Paraurethral glands Greater vestibular glands Vestibule of vagina |
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derivatives of genital tubercle in females
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Clitoris
Glans clitoridis Corpora cavernosa clitoridis Bulb of the vestibule |
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derivatives of urogenital folds, labioscrotal swellings in females
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labia minora, labia majora
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descent of testes
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band of tissue - gubernaculum - connects developing testes to urogenital ridge. Beginning 12th week, gubernaculum shortens relative to fetal growth, and peritoneal cavity evaginates into scrotum as the processus vaginalis. testes pulled into scrotum along with the processus vaginalis. portion of processus vaginalis forms walls of tunica vaginalis of testis.
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descent of ovaries
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gubernaculum attaches ovary to labioscrotal swelling; relative growth pulls ovary towards broad ligament. upper portion of female gubernaculum becomes ovarian ligament, distal portion becomes roud ligament of uterus, which courses into the labio majora via processus vaginalis (obliterated)
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failure of paramesonephric ducts fusing causes...?
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can result in duplicated structures, e.g. bicornuate uterus
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failure of distal 2/3rds of the vagina to differentiate from posterior UGS can lead to...?
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atresia of vagina, imperforate hymen
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Incomplete separation of UGS from rectum leads to...?
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rectourethral fistulas, rectocloacal canal, rectovesical fistulas.
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failure of urogenital folds to fuse around urogenital membrane results in...?
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hypospadias
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failure of processus vaginalis to obliterate causes...?
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congenital indirect hernia, hydrocele
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development of internal female genitalia
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cortical cords develop and surround individual germs cells, becoming follicular cells that secrete female hormones.
-medullary cords degenerate, replaced with connective tissue -oogonia develop, differentiate into primary oocytes -oocytes undergo mitosis --> 1-2 million survive by birth frozen in p-meiosis til ovulation |
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What the Gonad, Cortex, and Medulla form in Males, Females
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Male G,C,M: testis, seminiferous tubules, rete testis
Female G,C,M: Ovary, Ovarian follicles, Rete ovarii |
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development of male internal genitalia
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During 7th week, proliferation of medullary sex cords. During 3rd month, medullary cords differentiate into seminiferous tubules and rete testis. Cortical cords degenerate and tunica albuginea forms.
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hormone-producing derivatives of intermediate mesoderm
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Sertoli and Leydig cells. Sertoli secrete AMH; which induces testosterone producing Leydig cells, and induces differentiation of spermatogonia from primordial sex cells, and development of seminiferous tubules from primitive sex cords.
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timeline of gonad development
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5th week: epithelial of urogenital ridge grow and invaginate into intermediate mesoderm; form primitive sex cords.
6th week: primordial germ cells arising from wall of yolk sac migrate to gonadal region. 8th week: gonad is a testis or ovary (determined by presence of Y chromosome) |
