Imaging Test Film/processing

Front 1

Which of the following does not relate to "remnant x-rays"?

a.) transmitted x-rays
b.) Compton scattered x-rays
c.) image formation x-rays
d.) exit radiation
e.) photoelectric effect

Back 1

photoelectric effect

Front 2

When does the image formation occur?

Back 2

latent

Front 3

Which of the following is found in the emulsion of radiographic film?

silver nitrate
silver halide
potasium bromide

Back 3

silver nitrate

Front 4

What serves as the base of radiographic film?

Back 4

polyester

Front 5

Film is made with double emulsion to enhance film ______

Back 5

speed

Front 6

What is the principle behind FIFO system of film usage?

(First in First out)

Back 6

use earliest expiration date first

Front 7

Why is film base tinted blue?

Back 7

to reduce radiologist eye fatigue

Front 8

Lucency is an important characteristic of some materials used in film production. Which of the following is associated with this term?

gelatin
base
supercoat
all of the above

Back 8

gelatin
base
supercoat

*****all of the above **** all are related

Front 9

______ light photons as compared to x-ray photons are needed to produce sufficient numbers of migrating secondary electrons to be trapped by the sensitivity center and thus produce a latent image.

Back 9

more

Front 10

The arrangement of silver, bromine, iodide ions in a silver halide crystal?

Back 10

Lattice

Front 11

What is the significance of the tabular silver halide crystals ?

Back 11

-better covering
-uses less silver
-more even dispersion throughout the emulsion

Front 12

Direct exposure film has a _________ emulsion layer and _______ silver halide crystals than screen film.

Back 12

thicker: more

Front 13

orthochromatic film is used with rare earth screens because of it's sensitivity to ______ light

Back 13

green

Front 14

photon interaction in the emulsion occur with exposure to either ______ or ______

Back 14

x-rays or light

Front 15

the light bulb in the safelight should not exceed ____ watts

Back 15

15

Front 16

the safelight should be at least ____ feet from the work surface

Back 16

5

Front 17

a ____ filter is suitable for both green and blue sensitive film.

Back 17

red

Front 18

The size, shape, and distribution of silver halide crystals determine the ______, _______, and _______ of screen film.

Back 18

speed
contrast
sensitivity

Front 19

An antihalation coating may be applied to the back of which type of film to absorb light coming from the emulsion.

Back 19

single emulsion

Front 20

The contrast of light is inversely related to it's _________

Back 20

latitude

Front 21

Crystals with at least 4 silver atoms deposited at the sensitivity speck will appear as what color on the developed radiograph

Back 21

black

Front 22

The formation of the latent image primarily involved a _____ interaction with the emulsion

Back 22

photoelectric

Front 23

Orthochaomatic film is used with rare earth screens because of its sensitivity to ____ light

Back 23

green

Front 24

what are the steps to the Gurney-Mott process

Back 24

1. radiation interaction releases electrons
2. electrons migrate to sensitivity center
3. atomic silver is formed at sensitivity center
4. repeated process results in buildup of Ag atoms
5. remaining silver halide converter to Ag during processing
6. resulting silver grain which stays on base as black portion of image

Front 25

what type of filter is typically used

Back 25

red filter - Kodak GBX

Front 26

the size, shape, and distribution of silver halide crystals determine ____ of screen film

Back 26

speed, contrast, and sensitivity

Front 27

contrast is related ______ to latitude

Back 27

inversely

Front 28

the property involved in maintaining the size and shape of the base

Back 28

dimesional stability

Front 29

crystals with at least four silver atoms depostied at the sensitivity speck will appear _______ on the developed radiograph

Back 29

black

Front 30

contrast of film is inversely proportional to ____

Back 30

latitude

Front 31

formation of the latent image primarily involves a __ interaction with the emulsion

Back 31

photoelectric

Front 32

when radiographic film is chosen so that the light sensitivity of the film corresponds to the light emitted by the screen

Back 32

spectral matching

Front 33

unexposed radiographic film will have a slight density after procession which results from the blue dye density and safelight/chemical fog density called __

Back 33

base plus fog (gross fog)

Front 34

mismatching of film and screens would require ___ exposure in order to create the image

Back 34

increased

Front 35

storing film in __ humidity conditions can cause reduced contrast

Back 35

very low

Front 36

intensfying screens __ patient dose

Back 36

decrease

Front 37

when screen speed decreases __ decreases

Back 37

density

Front 38

a ___ layer is required because xray interaction with a phosphor produces light isotropically

Back 38

reflective layer

Front 39

the front cover of a radiogrpahic cassette should be made of __ material to minimize xray attenuation

Back 39

radiolucent

Front 40

what is the purpose of the fixer in an automatic processor

Back 40

remove unexposed silver halide crystals

Front 41

reducing (developing) agents convert silver halide crystals into __

Back 41

black metallic silver

Front 42

what chemical prevents rapid oxidation of the developer?

Back 42

preservative

Front 43

any unwanted marks on the film are classified as __

Back 43

artifacts

Front 44

the action of the developer is controlled by :

Back 44

immersion time
temperature
chemical activity

Front 45

phenidone is responsible for developing grays on the film during processing and responds __

Back 45

quickly

Front 46

hydroquinone provides the blacker densities on the film and responds __

Back 46

slowly

Front 47

what is the only solution dramatically affected by contamination?

Back 47

developer

Front 48

the fixing agent used to clear the undeveloped silver halide crystals

Back 48

ammonium thiosulfate

Front 49

type of roller responsible for moving the film from the bottom of the tank upward

Back 49

turnaround roller

Front 50

processing chemicals must be replenished to maintain activity and volume when depleted by __

Back 50

oxidation

Front 51

removes excess solution from the film prior to passing into the next tank

Back 51

squeegee roller

Front 52

helps to move the film from one tank to another

Back 52

crossover

Front 53

system that best agitates, mixes and filters the processing solution

Back 53

recirculation system

Front 54

developer temperature in a 90 second processor

Back 54

95 degrees

Front 55

an increase in developer temperature __ density on the radiographic image

Back 55

increases

Front 56

examples of static artifacts

Back 56

tree
crown
smudge

Front 57

creates equally spaced scratches at the leading and trailing edges of a film

Back 57

guideshoes

Front 58

repeating lines (3.14 in apart) that are perpendicular to film travel

Back 58

pi lines

Front 59

entrance rollers are connected to a microswitch that controls replenishment based on film travel. film should be placed in the processor with __ side against the feed tray guide

Back 59

short

Front 60

which portion of processing requires the most time?

Back 60

drying

Front 61

90 seconds - amount of time the image is put on the feed tray to finish

Back 61

dry to drop time

Front 62

information that is required to be on hand or accessible in the event of a chemistry spill or encounter

Back 62

MSDS

Front 63

Film should be stored at a temp of _____ degrees or below and with a humidity no higher than _____ degrees.

Back 63

Film should be stored at a temp of 68 degrees or below and with a humidity no higher than 40 degrees.

Front 64

When does the incident photon not have sufficient energy to ionize K-shell electrons?

Back 64

At xray energies below the K shell binding energy.

Front 65

Why is a reflection layer required?

Back 65

because x-ray energy interaction with a phosphor produces light isotropically

Front 66

Which of the following is a rare earth element ?

lithium
calcium tungstate
thallium
gadolinium

Back 66

gadolinium

Front 67

Use of rare earth screens to amplify the beam results in?

Back 67

1. lower patient dose
2. less stress on the x-ray tube
3. acceptable diagnostic recorded detail
4.increased x-ray energy absorption in the diagnostic range of exposures.

Front 68

xrays that exit the PT and interact with the IR

Back 68

image forming xrays

Front 69

when is film most sensitive

Back 69

after exposure and before processing

Front 70

fast reducing, provides gray densities
slow reducing, produces black densities

Back 70

developing/reducing agents

Front 71

elevates and maintains solution pH

Back 71

accelerator/activator

Front 72

decreases reduction of unexposed silver halide

Back 72

restrainer

Front 73

decreases oxidation of solution

Back 73

preservative

Front 74

hardens the emulsion

Back 74

hardner

Front 75

dilutes the chemicals

Back 75

solvent

Front 76

The primary function of the fixing stage is to remove __________ from the film and to make the remaining image permanent.

Back 76

unexposed silver halide

Front 77

The purpose of the developing or reducing agents is to reduce exposed silver halide to ________ and to add ______ to exposed silver halide.

Back 77

metallic silver; electrons

Front 78

metallic silver is visualized as _______

Back 78

radiographic densities

Front 79

____________ means that together chemicals produce a greater effect on film than they would individually.

Back 79

superadditivity

Front 80

The fixer solution needs to be an ____ ph environment for the chemicals to function properly.

Back 80

Acid

Front 81

The purpose of washing is the remove _______ solution from the surface of the film.

Back 81

fixing

Front 82

Washing works because of ________

Back 82

diffusion of the moisture

Front 83

The purpose of drying is to remove ___ to ____ % of the moisture, therefore films should retain _____ to ____ % of their moisture when processing is complete.

Back 83

85-90%

10-15%

Front 84

excessive drying of a film can cause ________

Back 84

emulsion cracks

Front 85

the _______ assembly moves the film from one tank to another and into the dryer assembly.

Back 85

crossover roller

Front 86

A ________ at the bottom of the roller assembly turns the film from moving down the assembly to moving up the assembly.

Back 86

turnaround roller

Front 87

The __________ moves the film through the chemical tanks and dryer assembly.

Back 87

transport roller

Front 88

guide plates are located on the ____ _____, and properly guide the leading edge of the film.

Back 88

roller assembly

Front 89

_______ refers to the replacement of fresh chemicals after the loss of chemicals during processing.

Back 89

replenishment

Front 90

replenishment of chemicals is necessary because eventually chemicals become _________

Back 90

exhausted

Front 91

The radiographer should align the film so that the film is __________ placed on the feed tray and it's leading edge is ________

Back 91

horizontally; long

Front 92

What is the maximum storage time for radiographic film?

Back 92

45 days

Front 93

The developer is _______ and the fixer is _______ in pH.

Back 93

alkaline; acidic

Front 94

Where should the dark room be located?

Back 94

centrally located but away from things that could cause fogging

Front 95

How is the speed of the film through the processor controlled?

Back 95

A drive motor and gears

Front 96

FIlm after exposure is _____ sensitive to fog than ______ an exposure.

Back 96

more; before

Front 97

how should boxes of film be stored

Back 97

on the side because of pressure

Front 98

Silver recovery is from which tank?

Back 98

fixer tank

Front 99

What is the most common method used to recover film?

Back 99

electrolytic

Front 100

A ____ change in temperature of developer can make a change

Back 100

.5

Front 101

In what order are the processing stages?

Back 101

Developing
Fixing
Washing
Drying

DFWD