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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Female pelvis' tend to be ______ and male pelvis' tend to ______shaped.
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Female- ovoid
Male- Triangle (android) |
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Women will commonly have what pelvic feature due to childbirth?
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Benign Sclerotic Pelvic Lesions- white areas at pubis and SI joints
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When observing for a pelvic fracture on an AP view what should be looked for?
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1. widening of pubic symphysis
2. widening at SI joint 3. hematomas shifting bladder out of pelvis |
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What in males is found anterior to the rectum and superior to the prostate gland?
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Bladder
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What in females is found anterior to the vagina and anteroinferior to the uterus?
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Bladder
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What procedure follows flow of contrast media thru the catheter until the bladder is full?
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Cystogram- uses a foley balloon
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When looking at CT of bladder, where is the Contrast media?
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Contrast media on bottom and urine on top
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With fracture to the anterior pelvic ring what can happen?
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bladder rupture
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Is bladder rupture intraperitoneal or extraperitoneal?
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can be either or both
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What should be of concern with a bladder rupture?
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damage to male urethra
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What does Bladder Rupture look like an image?
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see Extracatum and hemotomas in Reiutz space and retrovesicle space
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When can you see multiple filling defects on the bladder?
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Bladder Carcinomas
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What is the most common Bladder Carcinoma?
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Transitional Cell Carcinoma- seen on ultrasound
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What is a focal herniation of urothelium and submucosa of the bladder going into the vagina or inguinal canal?
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Cystocele
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What are some possible reasons for a cystocele to occur?
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Chronic Elevation of Intravesicle pressure:
-urinary stasis -uretel obstruction -vesicorectal reflux -females with weak pelvic floors due to childbirth |
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What occurs due to a chronic elevation of intravesicle pressure?
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Cystocele
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Voiding Cystourethrograms are usually performed for what reason?
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Kids mostly- to evaulate vesicourethral reflex
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What procedure is done by inserting catheter, filling and then telling child to void?
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Voiding Cystourethrogram
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What produces a filling defect but is normal of the urethra?
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Vermontanum
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What part of the urethra is hard to see b/c how much it narrows?
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Prostatic Urethra
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What is retrograde flow of urine from the bladder?
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Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR)
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Vesicoureteral Reflux is associated with what 3 syndromes?
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UTI
Renal dysplasia hydronephrosis |
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What would you tell the radiologist to describe the Vesicourethral reflux?
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use the GRADING scale
I- urine backs up to ureter but renal pelvis is healthy and has sharp calyces V- bad! pelvis severely dilated, ureter is tortorous, calyces blunted |
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When would you perform a Voiding cystourethrogram on a child?
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1. UTI before age 5
2. pyelonephritis 3. male child with symptomatic UTI |
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What would you do to confirm a suspect Vesicoureteral Reflux?
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1.Voiding Cystourethrogram (VUC) or
2. Radionuclear Cystourethrogram (RNC) |
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In a fluoroscopy what do you notice about the urine?
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it's black, colors are reversed
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What is water in the kidneys, causing it to be big, dilated and look like water balloons?
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Hydronephrosis
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What will give you good details and show urethral rupture?
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Retrograde Urethrogram
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What technique can you do coninous monitoring that is more sensitive to fluoscopy?
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Isotope VCU- 1% of the radiation but bad thing is that you cant see anatomical structures
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What is the most common cause of Urethra stricture?
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trauma or iatrogenic
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What refers to the anterior urethra and is secondary to scarring of the Corpus Spongiosum?
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Urethra Stricture
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What is due to a fibrotic process that narrows the bladder neck?
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Posterior Urethral Stricture
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Posterior Urethral stricture results from what?
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distraction injury (surgery, trauma)
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What might cause a Infectious Urethral Stricture?
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Gonoccal Urethritis
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IF there is pain in the testes, with little vascularity, assume its__________.
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Testicular Torsion
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If there is inflammation of the testes with LOTS of vascularity, assume its __________.
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Orchitis
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If there is lots of fluid in the testis assume its _____________.
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Hydrocele
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What is an accumulation of fluid between the visceral and parietal tunica vaginalis?
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Hydrocele
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If a defect in the Peripheral zone of the testes, assume its __________.
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cancer
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If a defect in the Transitional zone of the testes, assume its _________.
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Benign Hypertrophic Prostate
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With what ultrasound view can you see the whole prostate?
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Transabdominal view
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What what ultrasound view can you see each zone of the prostate up close?
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Transrectal view
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On an ultrasound of the prostate, cancer will appear as what?
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black
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What has symptoms of hesistancy, decreased force of urine stream, dribbling, and incomplete emptying?
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Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy
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What causes symptoms due to the uninhibited contraction of hypertrophied detrusor m due to obstruction of glandular tissue of prostate?
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Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy
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Masses tend to grow _________, benign prostatic hypertrophy tends to grow____________.
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Masses- in 1 direction
BPH- rounded and grows in all directions |
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What is occurs in 50-75% of men over 60 years old, and is more common in blacks, diabetics and those with hypertension?
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Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy
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What is an abnormal congenital obstruction membrane in male urethra what block urine causing it back up?
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Posterior Urethral Valve
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What is the most common cause of Bladder Outlet obstruction in male children?
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Posterior Urethral Valve
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With ultrasound of the testes, what are the white transverse lines?
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Mediastinum Testes- normal
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What view would you perform to see both testes on a ultrasound?
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Dolly Parton view
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What shows vascularity of the testies well?
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Normal color duplex US
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What occurs mostly in men at the peripubertal period and shows no vascularity of testes and they are swollen?
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Testes Torsion
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What is it called when absence of posterior anchoring of tunica vaginalis to the penis causes testes to twist?
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Bell Clappers Deformity
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What can happen due to Bell Clapper's Deformity?
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Torsion
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What is the success rate for testes with repair within 6 hours of the torsion?
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80-100% salvagable
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What is the success rate for testes with repair 24 hours after torsion?
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0%
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If you see an image of the testes with no vascularity and they are enlarged, assume its__________.
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torsion
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With what ultrasound of the female pelvis does the bladder have to be full?
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Transabdominal- pushes bowels loops out of the way
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What is the most accurate view of the female bladder using a US?
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Transvaginal- plus bladder doesn't have to be full
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When looking at an US, what view is it when you are looking straight on with R ovary on the L side, like a picture?
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Transverse view, transducer moved side to side across belly
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With what view of an US, are you looking at it from the side?
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Sagittal view
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If see a problem on an US, what should you do next?
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MR
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When is it best to screen for Functional Ovarian Cysts?
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within first 10 days of menstrual cycle
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What is an acceptable size of the young female's functional ovarian cysts?
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5-6 cm is normal, any bigger is pathological
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What size is acceptable for an older female's functional ovarian cysts?
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NONE, she shouldn't have any cysts so if she does its pathological
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What ovaian cysts has multiple layers and on a MR can see a big white cysts with multifactoral stuff inside (grey streaks)?
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Dermoid Cysts
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What do fibroids look like on a CT?
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Very Dark on T1
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When are fibroids dangerous?
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when enter endometrial canal
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