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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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MCD in ARF?
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infection
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Def. of ARF?
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rapid decline in renal fx. with an increase in Cr level
relative increase of 50% or absolute increase of 0.5 to 1.0 mg/dL |
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MCC of postrenal filure
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BPH - urethral obstruction
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MCC chronic renal failure
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diabetes!
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azotemia refers to?
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elev. of BUN
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uremia refers to?
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si/sx assoc. with accumulation of nitrogenous wastes due to impaired renal fx.
usually, BUN>60mg/dL |
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3 key features of nephrotic syndrome
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proteinuria
hypoalbuminemia hyperlipidemia |
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Examination of urine sediment:
RBC = WBC = Fatty casts = |
RBC = GN
WBC = pyelonephritis & interstitial nephritis Fatty casts = nephrotic syndrome |
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Gross painless hematuria
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bladder ca
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microscopic hematuria v. gross hematuria
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microscopic = glomerular
gross = post renal causes - trauma, stones, malignancy) |
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hyperkalemia - how can you remove K from serum? (3)
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1. dialysis
2. diuretics 3. cation exchange resins - kayexalate (sodium polystyrene sulfonate) |
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MoA of Kayexalate
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cation exchange resin - acts in the GI tract by promoting exchange of Na for K and thereby increasing excretion of K
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Indications for Dialysis
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AEIOU and sometimes Y
Acidosis, pH<7.2 Electrolytes, refractory hyperK Intoxication, methanol, ethylene glycol, ASA, lithium Overload, hypervolemia, pulm edema Uremic pericarditis/encephalopathy/neuropathy Yhtapolugoac, 2ary to renal failure |
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nephrotic syndrome + abd. pain + fever + hematuria =
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rena vein thrombosis; antithrombin III is lost in urine putting pts. at incr. risk of venous/arterial thrombosis
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nephrotic syndrome is most commonly caused by?
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adults: membranous glomerulonephritis
children: minimal change ds. |
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What serum Cr level is safe for contrast CT?
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<1.5
if >1.5 use non ionic contrast OR ultrasound |
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MCC of glomerular hematuria
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IgA nephropathy (Berger's disease)
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MCC of nephritic syndrome
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poststreptococcal GN
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Poststreptococcal GN occurs after infection with ______.
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group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection of respiratory tract
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proliferative GN + pulmonary hemorrhage + IgG anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody
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Goodpasture's syndrome
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MCC of acute interstitial nephritis
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acute allergic rxn to a medication
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eosinophils in urine suggest what?
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acute interstitial nephritis
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What disease has a defective amino acid transporter (in the kidney)?
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Hartnup syndrome - decreased intestinal and renal reabsorption of neutral aa's, such as tryptophan, causing nicotinamide deficiency
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What kidney disease manifests like pellagra?
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3 D's:
dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea Hartnup syndrome |
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Adult polycystic Kidney Disease - associated finding in the brain?
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intracerebral berry aneurysm
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medullary sponge kidney is thought to be associated with what other disease?
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hyperparathyroidism and parathyroid adenoma
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most common cause of secondary HTN?
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renal artery stenosis - decr. blood flow to JG apparatus, RAA system becomes activated, HTN
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What HTN drug is contraindicated in pts. with renovascular HTN?
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ACEI
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MC site of nephrolithiasis impaction
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ureterovesicular junction
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Prostate Ca commonly begins where in the gland?
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periphery then moves centrally - obstructive symptoms LATE
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