Im/er - Neurology I

Front 1

ET=essential tremor

Back 1

ET

Front 2

ET - cause

Back 2

unknown, but may be inherited

Front 3

ET - affected body parts

Back 3

head and hands

Front 4

ET - distinguished from Parkinsons by

Back 4

no hypokinetic/bradykinetic features
no rigidity

Front 5

ET - onset

Back 5

any age

Front 6

ET - exacerbated by

Back 6

stresss

Front 7

ET - tx

Back 7

beta blockers
modest amount of ETOH

Front 8

HD=huntington's disease

Back 8

HD

Front 9

HD - def

Back 9

highly genetic disorder characterized by choreiform movements, mental status, and personality changes

Front 10

HD - onset

Back 10

insidious between 30-50 yo

Front 11

HD - reflexes

Back 11

brisk

Front 12

HD - tongue

Back 12

inability to maintain tongue protrusion

Front 13

HD - CT

Back 13

cerebral atrophy

Front 14

HD - lab/csf

Back 14

normal

Front 15

HD - tx

Back 15

no cure
genetic counseling

Front 16

HD - prognosis

Back 16

death 15 years after onset

Front 17

PD=parkinsons disease

Back 17

PD

Front 18

PD - def

Back 18

progressive degenerative disease from loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra

Front 19

PD - inc

Back 19

common disorder, males>females

Front 20

PD - onset

Back 20

mean age 55

Front 21

PD - etiology

Back 21

genetic
drug induced

Front 22

PD - clin man

Back 22

resting pill rolling tremor
cogwheel rigidity
bradykinesia
postural instability
shuffling gate
depression
dementia

Front 23

PD - tremor improves

Back 23

with movement

Front 24

PD - dx

Back 24

clinical

Front 25

PD - CT in order to

Back 25

rule out other pathology

Front 26

PD - tx

Back 26

levodopa plus carbidopa
dopamine agonists
anticholinergics
amantadine
selegiline

Front 27

PD - selegiline effect

Back 27

delays need for levodopa

Front 28

PD - amantadine effect

Back 28

helps all features, mech unknown

Front 29

PD - anticholinergics

Back 29

helpful with tremor and rigidity

Front 30

PD - levodopa plus carbidopa concern

Back 30

over time its lose their response to medication

Front 31

stroke - ischemic def

Back 31

insufficient blood flow to part or all of the brain

Front 32

stroke - ischemic neuro deficits

Back 32

last longer than 24 hours

Front 33

stroke - ischemic if neuro deficits < 24 hours consider

Back 33

TIA

Front 34

stroke - ischemic inc

Back 34

accounts for 60-65% of all strokes

Front 35

stroke - ischemic two

Back 35

thrombosis
embolism

Front 36

stroke - ischemic thrombosis

Back 36

originates in site of occlusion

Front 37

stroke - ischemic embolism

Back 37

travelling thrombus

Front 38

stroke - ischemic embolism 3 types

Back 38

mural
valvular
a-fib

Front 39

stroke - hem def

Back 39

extravasation of blood into the brain

Front 40

stroke - hem inc

Back 40

15% of all strokes

Front 41

stroke - lacunar def

Back 41

caused by occlusion of small arteries

Front 42

stroke - lacunar inc

Back 42

20% of all strokes

Front 43

stroke - lacunar etiology

Back 43

longstanding hypertension

Front 44

stroke - risk factors

Back 44

age
afib
htn
smoking
DM

Front 45

stroke - clin man depends on

Back 45

location

Front 46

stroke - anterior cerebral sx

Back 46

neglect of contralateral leg
urinary incontinence

Front 47

stroke - basilar artery sx

Back 47

bilateral sensory
cranial nerve abnormalities
paralysis of all extremities
impaired vision

Front 48

stroke - internal carotid sx

Back 48

ipsilateral blindness

Front 49

stroke - middle cerebral sx

Back 49

contralateral wekaness
sensory loss face/arm
expressive aphasia
spatial disorientation

Front 50

stroke - posterior cerebral sx

Back 50

difficulty reading and performing calks
memory impairment

Front 51

stroke - vertebral artery

Back 51

vertigo
NV
nystagmus

Front 52

stroke - dx

Back 52

neuro exam
EKG
carotid doppler

Front 53

stroke - MRI

Back 53

more sensitive for detecting early ischemia

Front 54

stroke - imaging

Back 54

CT, no contrast

Front 55

stroke - preventative tx

Back 55

modify risk factors
ASA
control HTN

Front 56

stroke - thrombolytics timeframe

Back 56

within 3 hours

Front 57

stroke - thrombolytics must have

Back 57

CT to rule out hemorrhage

Front 58

stroke - thrombolytics BP target

Back 58

lower than 180/110

Front 59

stroke - thrombolytics contraindications

Back 59

trauma/surgery within 2 weeks
GI bleed

Front 60

stroke - hemorrhagic tx

Back 60

mannitol
head elevation
hyperventilation

Front 61

stroke - prophylaxis

Back 61

heparin

Front 62

CP=cerebral palsy

Back 62

CP

Front 63

CP - def

Back 63

non progressive disorder ofo movement and posture due to lesion in immature brain

Front 64

CP - inc

Back 64

most common movement disorder of children

Front 65

CP - risk factors

Back 65

premature
birth asphyxia
intrauterine growth retardation
infection
trauma

Front 66

CP - infants initially

Back 66

hypotonic

Front 67

CP - two types

Back 67

pyramidal
extrapyramidal

Front 68

CP - pyramidal def

Back 68

tone remains constant despite activity with primitive reflexes present and significant hyperreflexia

Front 69

CP - pyramidal 4 types

Back 69

diplegia
quadriplegia
hemiplegia
bilateral hemiplegia

Front 70

CP - extrapyramidal def

Back 70

tone is variable depending on level of arousal

Front 71

CP - extrapyramidal 3 types

Back 71

ataxic - coordination problems
choreoathetoid and dystonic - uncontrollable

Front 72

CP - common neuro deficits

Back 72

seizures
mental retardation
hearing and vision

Front 73

CP - tx

Back 73

no cure
maximize fx

Front 74

PD - elderly most affected sklls

Back 74

motor skills

Front 75

PD - elderly clin man trifecta

Back 75

bradykinesia
tremor
rigidity

Front 76

PD - elderly meds consideration

Back 76

acute confusion and psychotic sx can be provoked by the medications

Front 77

PD - if PD and dementia sx are both evident

Back 77

it's considered PD if the motor sx appear first

Front 78

PD - v. DLB (dementia with lewy bodies

Back 78

DLB is

insidious, but faster
cognitive and behavioral disturbances predominate