Im/er - Cardiology Set Iv

Front 1

MC=myocardial contusion

Back 1

x

Front 2

MC - most common cause

Back 2

automobile accidents

Front 3

MC - tx

Back 3

analgaesics
O2

Front 4

MC - tx avoid

Back 4

nitrates unless underlying heart dz

Front 5

MC - suspect when

Back 5

tachycardia out of proportion to blood loss
arrhythmias
conduction disturbances
moa

Front 6

MC - best test

Back 6

xray

Front 7

MC - when discharge

Back 7

if initial EKG and 4-6 hour followup are normal

Front 8

MC - when admit

Back 8

abnormal EKG with no underlying cause

Front 9

MC - possible sequellae

Back 9

pericardial inflammatory syndrome 2-4 weeks after trauma

Front 10

shock - cardio def

Back 10

insufficient cardiac output to meet metabolic demands

Front 11

shock - cardio - most commonly d/t

Back 11

AMI

Front 12

shock - cardio mortality

Back 12

40-50%

Front 13

shock - cardio hallmark

Back 13

< 90 systolic or 30 point drop

Front 14

shock - cardio clin man

Back 14

tachy
cold clammy
left ventricular failure

Front 15

shock - cardio hypotension without hypovolemia

Back 15

dopamine

Front 16

shock - cardio general tx

Back 16

as in MI

Front 17

shock - anaphylactic d/t

Back 17

exposure of a sensitized individual to an allergen

Front 18

shock - anaphylactic most common causes

Back 18

food
stings
drugs

Front 19

shock - ana gi

Back 19

NVD

Front 20

shock - ana resp

Back 20

laryngeal swelling
stridor
wheeze

Front 21

shock - ana by def includes

Back 21

resp and cardiac compromise

Front 22

shock - ana integument

Back 22

angioedema

Front 23

shock - ana ED tx

Back 23

O2
airway mgmt
epi
crystalloid fluids
diphenhydramine+ranitidine (H2)
albuterol
prednisone

Front 24

shock - neuro d/t

Back 24

injury to spinal cord

Front 25

shock - neuro clin man

Back 25

bradycardia
hypotension

Front 26

shock - neuro result of

Back 26

interruption of sympathetic pathways

Front 27

shock - neuro is

Back 27

dx of exclusion

Front 28

shock - neuro tx

Back 28

fluids +/- dopamine
atropine
methylprednisone

Front 29

shock - compensated

Back 29

nml BP
incr resp rate

Front 30

shock - cardiac signs

Back 30

S3
JVD

Front 31

shock - GI signs

Back 31

ileus
bleeding
pancreatitis
mesenteric ischemia

Front 32

shock - metabolic early

Back 32

respiratory alkalosis

Front 33

shock - metabolic late

Back 33

metabolic acidosis

Front 34

TP=tension pneumothorax

Back 34

x

Front 35

TP - pneumothorax def

Back 35

accumulation of air in the pleural space

Front 36

TP - secondary to

Back 36

sucking chest wound or pulmonary laceration that allows air to enter the chest with inspiration, but does not allow it to leave during expiration

Front 37

TP - pneumothorax causes 3

Back 37

spontaneous, traumatic, iatrogenic

Front 38

TP - spontaneous occurs primarilyin

Back 38

tall thin males between 10 and 30

Front 39

TP - pneumo onset

Back 39

acute ipsilateral chest pain and dyspnea

Front 40

TP - pneumo signs

Back 40

unilateral chest expansion
decr tactile fremitus
hyperrsonance
dim breath sounds

Front 41

TP - tension signs

Back 41

mediastinal shift to the contralateral side

Front 42

TP - xray

Back 42

visceral pleural line

Front 43

TP - pneumo small tx

Back 43

spontaneous resolution

Front 44

TP - pneumo large tx

Back 44

chest tube placed

Front 45

TP - tension tx

Back 45

decompression with 14 gauge needle in the 2nd intercostal space midclavicular over the third rib (blood vessels run under the ribs)

Front 46

TP - follow up

Back 46

cxr q 24 until resolved

Front 47

TP - sucking chest wound immediate mgmg

Back 47

cover wound with petroleum gauze, insert other chest tube

Front 48

flail chest - def

Back 48

fracture in 2 or more locations of 3 or more adjacent ribs

Front 49

flail chest - hallmark

Back 49

paradoxical movement

Front 50

flail chest - tx

Back 50

analgesia
pulmonary toilet

Front 51

HTN - elderly risk

Back 51

most sig risk factor for CVD in adults

Front 52

HTN - elderly inc

Back 52

60-80% after 65, but 30% aren't aware

Front 53

HTN - elderly ISH

Back 53

systolic skyrockets whil diastolic flattens or falls

Front 54

HTN - elderly ISH ind risk factor for

Back 54

stroke

Front 55

HTN - elderly meds not designed for

Back 55

stiff vasculature, so combos often needed

Front 56

HTN - elderly meds SE

Back 56

greater, partially d/t polypharmacy

Front 57

HTN - elderly meds not always

Back 57

the biggest issue

Front 58

HTN - elderly meds always try for

Back 58

2-fer

Front 59

HTN - elderly beta blockers

Back 59

not first line

Front 60

HTN - elderly thiazides effect

Back 60

reduce volume and vascular fibrosis

Front 61

HTN - elderly thiazides avoid in

Back 61

gout and renal impairment

Front 62

HTN - elderly amlodipine effect

Back 62

decreases central arterial pressures with improved CVD outcomes

Front 63

HTN - elderly amlodopine also good for

Back 63

angina

Front 64

HTN - elderly diltiazem effect

Back 64

good for ISH if good cardiac function, but worsens failure

Front 65

HTN - elderly target

Back 65

130/85, but some may not tolerate pressures this low

Front 66

HTN - elderly salt

Back 66

sensitivity increases with age

Front 67

HTN - elderly BP lability

Back 67

labile d/t stif vasculature

Front 68

HTN - elderly orthostatic hypotension

Back 68

increases as heart rate/blood pressure responses are blunted

Front 69

CHF - elderly pharm

Back 69

all should be on ACE

Front 70

CHF - elderly pharm metropolol

Back 70

no need to max ACE before starting

Front 71

PVD - elderly inc

Back 71

common, occurring in 10% over 70 yo

Front 72

PVD - elderly progression

Back 72

claudication -> ischemic rest pain -> ulceration -> gangrene

Front 73

PVD - elderly at risk

Back 73

smokers and DM2

Front 74

PVD - elderly clin man

Back 74

loss ofpulses
bruit
slow cap refill
shiny hairless skin
atrophic nails
poor wound healing

Front 75

PVD - elderly best indicator

Back 75

ABPI best indicator < .9

Front 76

ARR - elderly clin man

Back 76

dizziness
DOE
fatigue
recurrent falls
worsening angina or failure

Front 77

ARR - elderly history taking considerations

Back 77

check drugs
define terms

Front 78

ARR - elderly meds more likely to be

Back 78

on an anti-arrhythmic

Front 79

ARR - elderly meds more sensitive to

Back 79

b and ca blockers

Front 80

ARR - elderly a fib

Back 80

cardioversion better tolerated than meds

Front 81

ARR - elderly sinus tach

Back 81

best response to treating underlying illness

Front 82

ARR - elderly adenosine consideration

Back 82

exacerbates asthma and is antagonize by theophylline

Front 83

ARR - elderly amiodarone consideration

Back 83

reduce dose of flecainide

Front 84

ARR - elderly atropine consideration

Back 84

can precipitate glaucoma

Front 85

ARR - elderly verapamil consideration

Back 85

use caution with beta blockers