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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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AOTF are causes of abnormal aortic valves include all except?
bicuspid degenerative hypertension endocarditis |
not hypertension
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aortic _ has an ejection click and a harsh, ejection systolic murmur that radiates to the carotids.
stenosis regurgitation |
stenosis
the triad of aortic stenosis is: effort dyspnea effort angina effort dizziness or syncope |
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what is the best SCREENING test for bronchiectasis?
cxr ct scan saccharin test PFT's |
cxr
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what is the best diagnostic test for bronchiectasis?
cxr ct scan saccharin test PFT's |
ct scan
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_ is a multi-system genetic disease leading to recurrent respiratory infections, pancreatic insufficiency and abn. sweat sodium and chloride concentrations.
bronchiectasis pneumonia cystic fibrosis pulmonary hypertension |
cystic fibrosis
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CF is an _ disease.
autosomal dominant autosomal recessive x-linked |
autosomal recessive
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what is the diagnostic test of CF?
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sweat test
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_ the MC electrolyte disorder in hospitalized patients mostly attributable to diuretic therapy.
hyponatremia hypokalemia hypernatremia hyperkalemia |
hypokalemia
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AOTF are causes of hypokalemia except?
GI losses too much IV fluid diuretic therapy insulin treatment poor intake |
too much IV therapy causes hyponatremia
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AOTF drugs can cause SIADH except ?
vasopressin aspirin cyclophosphamide dilantin carbamazepine |
not dilantin
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t/f
a pulmonary infection can cause SIADH |
true as well as a tumor, CNS infection, stroke, neoplasia
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what are the 4 components included in plasma osmolality?
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na
glucose k urea |
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what is the treatment of hyperkalemia?
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dialysis
IV calcium gluconate (10ml of 10%) insulin (10 units) and 50m5 of 50% glucose IV calcium resonium 30gm dialysis |
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AOTF except ? can accumulate within the kidney in pt's with renal failure.
digoxin lithium MS antibiotics lasix |
not lasix
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which of the following drugs require doses in higher concentrations in pt's with renal failure?
antibiotics dilaudid lasix coreg |
lasix
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AOTF drugs can produce renal toxicity except ?
NSAIDs PCN's gold vitamin B12 penicillamine |
not vit b12
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t/f
ACEi can reduce renal fcn and should be used with caution in renal failure. |
true; along with NSAID's acyclovir, cyclosporin and contrast media
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what is the treatment of BPH?
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alpha-adrenergic blockers
5alpha-reductase inhibitors TURP |
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t/f
men with prostate cancer usually present with worsening pelvic pain |
false; usually asymptomatic
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which type of diabetes has an absolute lack of insulin production?
type I type II |
type I
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which type of diabetes typically has a family history of other auto-immune disease; pernicious anemia, thyroid disease, addison's disease, DM, celiac disease.
type I type II |
type I
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_ is insulin resistance, not absolute insulin deficiency.
type I dM type II DM |
type II
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A pt. has a DI, and you need to figure out what type. She has...
elevated Na elevated plasma osmolality deceased urine urine osmo fails to concentrate on water deprivation has a normal response to synthetic ADH test what is it? Cranial DI Nephrogenic DI primary polydipsia |
cranial DI
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t/f
in nephrogenic DI urine fails to concentrate in response to synthetic ADH |
true;
it does in cranial DI and in primary polydipsia |
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in a pt with primary polydipsia will the pts urine concentrate or not on a water deprivation test?
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yes it will;
fails on both cranial and nephrogenic DI |
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A 23 y.o. male presents to your office with c/o early wrinkling of his face, that his scrotum has been turning darker, gynecomastia. During physical exam you note a normal size penis and scrotum although the with dark pigmentation, upon spinal xray for complaints of new back pain you note the early stages of osteoporosis. what do you think?
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male hypogonadism-post pubertal
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a 13 year old boy comes in with c/o of a chronic high pitched voice, c/o 'weirdly long arms' and gynecomastia. P.E. confirms a small penis and scrotum without any pigment. You also note no pubic hair, and very little muscle mass. You ask the pt when the parent is out of the room if he ever experiences an erection and he states he never has. what do you have?
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pre pubertal hypogonadism
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in hemolytic anemias, what will a blood smear show?
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polychromasia, and a raised retic count
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G6PD is ??
autosomal dominant X-linked autosomal recessive |
X-linked
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hereditary spherocytosis is ??
autosomal dominant X-linked autosomal recessive |
autosomal dominant
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what is the pentad of TTP?
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red cell fragments
thrombocytopenia neurological abnormalities renal impairment fever |
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t/f
pt's with sickle-cell disease must have special precautions prior to being put under general anesthesia |
false; they do not
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t/f
in thalassemia minor you will find mild anemia and a low MCV, but you will not find this in thalassemia major. |
false; you will find mild anemia and low MCV in both
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t/f
in thalassemia hemoglobin electrophoresis is normal but hemoglobin A2 is increased |
true
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CML is MC found in the ?
child early adolescant middle age older age population |
middle age-philadelphia chromosome
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In ___ lymphoma, 80% are B cell type when the remainder are T cell type. The incidence is rising some of this increase is d/t AIDS.
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non-hodgkins lymphoma
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__ is found in....
MC men in 50's clonal stem cell disorder high rbc mass vascular complications abn. platelet dysfcn aquagenic pruritis good prognosis |
Polycythemia rubra vera
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_ is commonly found in elderly blacks, clone of cancerous plasma cells, M band or paraprotein, anemia is common, and hypercalcemia, and bence jones proteins are seen.
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myeloma
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Target cells imply _ disease
renal neurological liver gastrointestinal |
liver
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hemophilia A is a deficiency of _
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factor 8
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hemophilia B is a deficiency of _
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factor 9
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_ is the MC inherited bleeding disorder.
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von willebrands disease
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_ is the MC inherited clotting disorder.
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factor 5 leiden
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t/f
protein c & s are vitamin K dependent |
true
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In the _ disease you may find...
No HTN venous and arterial thrombosis recurrent fetal loss can have assoc. with autoimmune diseases (SLE) Lupus anticoagulant leads to a prolonged APTT |
Antiphopholipid syndrome
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optic neuritis is seen in __
MD alzheimer's MS ALS |
MS
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_ is the MC arthropathy seen in adults.
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osteoarthritis
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_ causes meningitis in pregnant women, alcoholics, and the immunocomprimised.
strep staph legionella listeria |
listeria
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_ is the global impairment of cognition with normal levels of consciousness.
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dementia
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_ meningitis=high pressure, high protein, PMNs,and low glucose. commonly caused by n. meningitidus
bacterial fungal viral |
bacterial;
viral will have normal pressure, normal protein, lymphocytes, normal glucose |
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the simplest way to determine generalized seizures from simple or pseudo seizures is via _.
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EEG
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_ is the MC frequent joint pathogen in adults.
strep staph h. flu pseudo |
staph aureus
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_ describes a pathological activation of coagulation resulting in widespread microvascular thrombosis.
hemophilia A hemophilia B DIC vitamin K deficiency |
DIC
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t/f
people die end-organ damage from thrombosis, rather than the bleeding itself, that leads to the very high mortality. |
true.....it is the clots that kill not the bleeding
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