Im Cv Other Cv Usmle 2

Front 1

difference b/t Type A and Type B Aortic Dissections

Back 1

Type A: involves the ascending aorta and can extend into the descending aorta

Type B: descending aorta only

Front 2

Debakey Classification of Aortic Dissection Types I-III Which is most common?

Back 2

I: Ascending plus part of distal aorta (most common)

II: Ascending only

III: Descending only

Front 3

What is infected on the aorta when the aortic dissection is due to syphilis?

Back 3

Vasa Vasorum

Front 4

Etiology of Aortic Dissection (7)

Back 4

PATC3H:
Pregnancy (3rd trimester);
Aortic Coarctation (Turners or idiopathic);
Trauma;
Congenital heart dz / CT dz (Marfans and E-D syndromes) / Cocaine;
HTN

Hint 4

PATC3H

Front 5

Dx:
Severe tearing chest pain that radiates to the back, HTN, possible unequal pulses distally, possible aortic regurg murmur

Back 5

Aortic Dissection

Front 6

(3) tests to confirm Dx of aortic dissection

Back 6

Angiogram (gold standard);

CXR - wide mediastinum;

CT w/ contrast

Front 7

Drug Tx for Aortic dissection to stabilize BP
(2)

What is the next step for Type A vs. Type B?

Back 7

Rx: Beta-blocker + nitroprusside to keep BP < 120

Type A: Immediate surgery

Type B: medical stabilization

Front 8

Etiologies of Syncope (7)

Back 8

SVNCOPE:
Situational (valsalva, tight collar);
Vasovagal response (common faint);
Neurogenic;
Cardiac;
Orthostatic hypotension;
Psychiatric (faking it);
Everything else (idiopathic)

Hint 8

SVNCOPE

Front 9

At what level is HDL cardioprotective?

Back 9

> 60

Front 10

What "type" is all isolated hypercholesterolemia?

Back 10

Type IIa

Front 11

What transports cholesterol from the gut to the bloodstream?

Back 11

Chylomicrons

Front 12

What is left over after lipoprotein lipase liberates FFA from chylomicrons for use in tissues?

Back 12

Chylomicron remnants

Front 13

What is secreted from the liver and carries endogenous cholesterol?

Back 13

VLDL

Front 14

What is metabolized from VLDL?

Back 14

Intermediate-Density Lipoproteins (IDL)

Front 15

What is metabolized from IDL and carries cholesterol in the bloodstream to the tissues?

Back 15

LDL

Front 16

What takes up free cholesterol secreted by the tissues and transports it to the liver?

Back 16

HDL

Front 17

What is the name for the (3) Type IIa Isolated Hypercholesterolemias?
What is abnormal with all of them?
What is the total cholesterol range?

Back 17

Familial Hypercholesterolemia;

Familial defective apo-B100;

Polygenic Hypercholesterolemia

- High LDL
- total cholesterol from 240 - 500

Front 18

What are the (3) isolated Hypertriglyceridemias and each "Type"?
What is elevated w/ each?

Back 18

1. familial Hypertriglyeridemia Type IV - high VLDL

2. familial Apo-CII deficiency

3. familial Lipoprotein Lipase deficiency

(2 and 3 are both Type I + V - high chylomicrons)

Hint 18

HAL

Front 19

Class of drugs that that reduce LDL by binding bile acids in the gut.
name (2) drugs

Back 19

Bile Acid Sequestrants

Cholestyramine
Colestipol

Front 20

which drug class is best for reducing triglycerides in VLDL and chylomicrons?

Back 20

Fibrinates