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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Lowell Offering
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a publication of the Improvement Circle, whose writers and editors were Lowell factory girls
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master
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an artisan who owned his means of production and hired journeymen and taught/housed apprentices
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mercantilism
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economic system popular in 17th century Europe based in the belief in a worldwide finite amount of wealth
1-country must be self-sufficient 2-export > import 3-colonies have untapped wealth that must be claimed |
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indentured servitude
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contractual agreement by which a laborer is provided overseas transportation/forgiven for debts by committing him/herself to a long period of guarenteed labor; master must provide room and board based on indenture (ie, contract)
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family labor
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children provide the source of labor in this system; hire other people's kids; hired out your own extra kids; parents had authority over decisionmaking regarding child exporting
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"help"
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Puritan term to describe "hired hands" (men) and "servants" (women in the home)
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task orientation
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in the artisan household, apprentices and journeymen worked until they had completed their obligations for the day; there were no set hours of work
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artisan production
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urban phenomenom based on widely available labor; specific skills/training that exceeded farming ability on the homefront; handicraft system using tools and human power only
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gang system
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type of slave labor characterized by large numbers of slaves performing the same repetitive task while being closely monitored; had to meet expectation of work; stereotyptical slave image in the cotton fields
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fictive kin
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the creation of family members in the surrounding slave community to compensate for possible familial separation; all older men and women referred to as "uncle" and "auntie"
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manufactory
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work formerly completed in the home or workshop moves under one roof; still handicraft industry
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Fall River or Rhode Island system
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Slater-style mills, with <200 employees and entire families hired for MULE spinning
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Waltham or Lowell system
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intergrated RING spinning mills with 1000-1200 mostly female employees who are daughters of farmers who no longer need to spin at home, so they work at these mills and live in boarding houses
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industrial time discipline
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employers reserved the right to determine the length of the workday; hours based on factory clock and bell before clocks were in the home
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Westward Expansion
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movement into the Oregon country and Mexican territory for independentn economic success and expansion of markets
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Overland Trail
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Midwest to West Coast from Independence MO across the Great Plains in wagon trains; other than gold rushers, mostly families with kinship ties travelled west together
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"free men"
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plank in the Republican Party platform referring to the abolition of slavery
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Puritans
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this religious group left the persecution of the Church of England in hopes of creating a successful society based on their morals and practices; Massachusetts Bay Company and a charter for N. England
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Emancipation Proclamation
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Lincoln's 1863 declaration that all slaves held in rebellious states were free from bondage
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debt peonage
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freed slaves confined by their lack of skills and funds forced to enter tenant farming contracts with former owners; instead of rent, landlords collected farm products
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draft riots
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result of the Draft Act 1863 which declared that men must
1) go get shot 2) send a substitute 3) pay $300 Gettysberg troops show up |
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producer ideology
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4 components
1) "producing classes" 2) "wage slavery" 3) call for mutualistic society 4) dunuciation of competition |
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Knights of Labor
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created by Uriah Stevens as a Philly garment worker based on producer ideology; secretive and allowing all producers
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subsistence agriculture
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characteristic of Puritan colonial settlers, this consists of raising crops for the specific purpose of sustenance in the family unit
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overseer
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controlled laboring slaves in the absence of their owner
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self help
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1840s affects both apprentices learn and feed the snootiness of Protestant
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bound labor
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most often slavery, when a worker is compelled to do whatever their owner demands, often without wages and for a long period of time
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redemptioners
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aka indentured servants
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mechanicks
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aka artisan craftsmen
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handicraft production
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artisan craftwork using tools and manpower for one person to create an entire good
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domestic manufacturing
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isolated settlements created everything needed for survival; starts outside the market system using bartering
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task system
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small groups of slaves with supervision had specific amounts of work to complete in a day or a week with personal time afterwards
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outwork sytsem
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aka "given out" where work from shops is sent to a domestic location to be completed, allowing women and children to earn money
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price lists
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union tool to secure wages
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nativism
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native supremacy movement, prevent suffrage or immigration of foreigners
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"old" immigrants
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German and Irish
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10 hour movement
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effort to reduce the workday to a ten hour maximum, like in Massachusetts, through union efforts
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Mexican American War
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1846-48 gives Texas to West Coast to the US for developing purposes
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"Free Labor, Free Soil"
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Republican platform, including abolition and the homestead act
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Dred Scott case
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Scott declared property and not a citizen capable of bringing suit for freedom and proves Missouri Compromise unconsitutional according to Taney
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central shop
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merchants provide raw materials and contract artisans to do specific jogs under supervision of shop keeper
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Reconstruction
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1865-77 attempt to restructure the nation with effors like military occupation of the south, new state constitutions, and Freedmens Bureau, ends with economic depression and Hayes election
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slavery
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bound labor
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artisan household
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master, journeymen, apprentices, wife and family living and working together under assumption of mutual obligation
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National Labor Union
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1866-1875 8 hour movement, introduce term "wage slavery," bring together industrial and craft
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Tom Scott
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president of Penn railroad, back room deal for Southern Democrat electoral votes welcoms Rutherford B. Hayes to office
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Rutherford B. Hayes
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withdraws troops from South upon election 1877, effectively ending Reconstruction
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Abraham Lincoln
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helps to rush south secession, civil war president, emacipation proclamation
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"Gum Sann"
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Gold Mountains, the dream that California was filled with wealth that one could just grab and be content for life
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degredation of the trade
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removal of high artisan status by introducing women, children, former slaves and immigrants into the craft labor force who could operate machines that produced cheap versions of goods
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