(Iii-Surgery) Urology

Front 1

Most common type of renal cell carcinoma

Back 1

70%

Front 2

Most common gender for renal cell carcinoma

Back 2

Males

Front 3

Classic triad RCC:

Back 3

Hematuria, flank pain, palpable mass

Seen in only 10% of pts

Front 4

Diagnostic method of choice for renal cell cancer

Back 4

Primary method = IVP with nephrotomography

U/S to r/o cystic growth

CT is method of choice

Front 5

Indications for partial nephrectomy vs total nephrectomy

Back 5

Bilateral tumors
Tumors < 4.0 cm
von Hippel-Lindau

Front 6

Two adjuvent therapies for renal cell carcinoma

Back 6

IL-w
Interferon

Note that in general neo-adjuvant therapies are not effective in RCC

Front 7

Which type of stone is more common, Calcium oxalate or Calcium phosphate?

Back 7

Calcium oxalate

Front 8

Preferred diagnostic method of choice for kidney stones

Back 8

CT without contrast

X-rays are quicker and cheaper, but may not show all stones

Front 9

Can uric acid stones be seen on X-ray, CT, or both?

Back 9

CT

Front 10

These kidney stones form in the presence of urease-producing microbes

Back 10

Stuvite

Front 11

Kidney stones less than this size can be passed:

Back 11

Less than 5 mm

Front 12

Workup on a patient who has recurrent kidney stones:

Back 12

Check PTH, Ca levels, as well as citrate and uric acid stones

Front 13

This type of surgical therapy for kidney stones can lead to transient hypertension, urosepsis, and Steinstrasse syndrome (large qty of fragments accumulate and block the ureter)

Back 13

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)

Front 14

Contra-indications for exracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy:

Back 14

Can't locate the stone (radio-opaque), pregnancy, bleeding disorders

Front 15

Complications from ureterscopy:

Back 15

Ureter damage, avulsion, sepsis

Front 16

Surgery method of choice for staghorn calculi

Back 16

Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy

Front 17

Sympathetic innervation to the bladder originates from which spinal levels?

Back 17

T10-L2

Front 18

Parasympathetic innervation to the bladder originates from which spinal levels?

Back 18

S2-S4

Front 19

Transitional cell carcinoma is _______ growing; and ______ recurrent

A. Slow; not-often
B. Slow; Often
C. Fast; not-often
D. Fast, Often

Back 19

B

Front 20

90% of patients with newly diagnosed bladder cancer have this finding

Back 20

Gross or microscopic hematuria

Front 21

Standard for diagnosis of bladder cancer

Back 21

Cystoscopy

CT ultrasound and MRI often used as adjuncts

Front 22

Method of choice for initial staging of bladder cancer

Back 22

TURBT

This machine can also resect part of the bladder

Front 23

Standard of care of invasive bladder cancer:

Back 23

Radical cystectomy including removal of prostate and seminal vesicles / uterus / cervix / ovaries

Front 24

What is Bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy

Back 24

Infusion of an attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis - antitumor effect for bladder carcinoma in situ

Front 25

Standart test for diagnosing cause neurogenic bladder

Back 25

Cystoscopy with complex urodynamics

Front 26

Cutoff for abnormal PSA

Back 26

Any value above 2.0

Front 27

Age cutoff for PSA test according to American Cancer Society

Back 27

Men over 50

Front 28

Which zone of the prostate is more susceptable to prostate cancer?

Back 28

Peripheral

Front 29

Indications for radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer:

Back 29

Life expectancy > 10 years, organ confined disease

Front 30

What is brachytherapy? Who are good candidates for the therapy?

Back 30

Used to treat prostate cancers with lower GLEASON scores.

Procedure involves ultrasound guided placement of radioactive seeds

Front 31

How do you medically castrate someone who has advance prostate cancer?

Back 31

Use leuteinizing hormone agonists

Front 32

Side effects of 5-alpha reductase inhibitors:

Back 32

Loss of libido and ejaculatory dysfunction

Front 33

Most common surgical treatment of BPH

Back 33

TURP to remove excess prostatic tissue. Scope is inserted through the penis

Front 34

Risk factors for testicular cancer

Back 34

Cryptorchid testes
Mumps orchitis
Inguinal hernia in childhood
Testicular cancer in contralateral testes

Front 35

95% of all testicular tumors are this type:

Back 35

Germinal

Front 36

Treatment for pure seminoma:

Back 36

Radiation + orchiectomy

Front 37

Treatment for non-seminoma:

Back 37

Orchiectomy + Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection +/- chemo

Front 38

Is AFP elevated in seminomas or non-seminoma

Back 38

Non-seminomas

Front 39

HCG is associated with type(s) of testicular cancer

Back 39

Syncitialtrophoblastic giant cell

Front 40

Pattern recognition:

Young male with testicular pain after a sporting event

Back 40

Torsion

Front 41

Two tests that can be done to differentiate testicular torsion from epididymitis:

Back 41

UA (will be negative in torsion)
Temperature (pts with Torsion will be afebrile)

Front 42

Complications of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Back 42

Proctitis
Urethritis
Rectal strictures
Impotence