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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is acute inflammation?
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Response of *vascularised* tissue to injury.
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What does acute inflammation result in?
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Build-up of fluid, plasma proteins, and leukocytes
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What are the 5 cardinal signs of acute inflammation?
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Rubor (redness)
Calor (increased heat) Tumour (swelling) Dolor (pain) Loss of function |
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What are 4 major classes of inflammatory mediators?
Give 2 examples of each |
Vasoactive amines
(histamine, serotonin) Arachidonic Acid Derivatives (Prostaglandins, leukotrienes) Plasma Protease Systems (complement, kinins) Cytokines (Tumour necrosis factor, Interleukin 1) |
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List 6 inflammatory stimuli, and give examples
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Infection
(bacterial, viral, parasitic) or microbial toxins Trauma (blunt or penetrating) Physical (e.g. Temperature, irradiation) or chemical agents Tissue necrosis (from any cause) Foreign bodies (splinters, dirt, sutures [surgical wire]) Immune reactions (hypersensitivity) |
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List 2 mechanisms that lead from stimuli up to vasodilation of arterioles (vascular smooth muscles relax)
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Mast cells degranulate -> release Histamine, Prostaglandins, and Serotonin
Endothelial cells -> release Nitric Oxide -> Vasodilation |
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How do rubor and calor (heat) occur?
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Arteriole vasodilation
-> Increased vessel diameter and flow -> R & C |
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How does pain occur in inflammation?
3 things. |
Chemical factors activate noiceptive fibres
Pressure/swelling Pain mediators: Prostaglandins and kinins |
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How does tumour occur in inflammation?
2 paths |
Increased vessel diameter and flow (arterioles)
-> Increased hydrostatic pressure = transudate (low protein) Chemical mediators (Vascoactive amins, C3a, Bradykinin, LTC4, LTD4, LTE4, etc.) -> Increased vessel permeability (venules) -> Leakage of plasma proteins, decreased *plasma oncotic pressure* (keeps fluid in circulatory system) = exudate (high protein) -> fluid into interstitial space -> tumour |
