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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Azthreonam
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PNCase resistant Cell Wall antibiotic
G- aerobes |
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Vancomycin
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D-alanine inhibition
MRSA & C Difficile Ototoxicity & Redman Syndrome Resistance emerging- blamed on Abs in cow feed |
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LAC operon
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usually off
repressor bound inducer binds repressor & removes inhibition |
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TRP operon
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usually on
co-repressor binds inactive repressor to stop transcription |
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Tetracyclines-
names & MOA |
Doxy, Demeclo, Mino, Tetra
30s subunit blocks tRNA also chelates, actively transported into cell |
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Tetracyclines-
Use |
Chlamydia
Mycoplasma Pneumonia Lyme Acne (G+) Cholera & H Influenza (G-) Rickettsiae (amoeba) |
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Tetracyclines-
contraindications |
pregnancy (fetal hepatotoxicity)
children (teeth/bones) renal impaiment (except Doxy & Mino excreted via bile) |
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Aminoglycosides-
names & MOA |
Amikacin, Gentamicin, Neomycin, Netilmicin, Streptomycin, Tobramycin
binds 30s subunit inhibits respiration stops translation at initiation phase misreading of mRNA |
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Aminoglycosides-
Use |
G- aerobes & bacilli & rods
UTI w/E coli P aeruginosa-w/ Piper & Ticar TB- streptomycin |
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Aminoglycosides-
Side effects |
Ototoxicity especially w/loop diuretics
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Macrolides-
Names & MOA |
Erythromycin, Clarithromycin, Azithromycin
binds irreversibly to 50s blocks formation of initiation complex, stops protein synthesis (by inhibiting translocase) |
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Macrolides-
Use |
Erythromycin- PCN allergy
Clarithromycin- also covers H influenz & Chlamydia Azithromycin- URI specific esp H Influenz Clindamycin- anaerobic orgs (drug of choice) |
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Chloramphenicol
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binds 50s inhibits peptidyl transferase
SE: Gray Baby Syndrome (b/c glucouronidation is poor in babies & alcoholics), aplastic anemia, BM suppression G+ & G- many anaerobes, chlamydia & rickettsia |
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Clindamycin
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similar to macrolides
50s primarily for anaerobic C Diff is ALWAYS resistant SEs: diarrhea, pseudomonas colitis |
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Linezolid
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50s interferes with formation of fMET tRNA-mRNA complex (blocks initiation)
MRSA & VRE SEs: thrombocytopenia, increase hepatic enzymes, MAO inhibitor (increase BP) |
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Synercid
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IV administration
binds 50s constricts exit channel & stops translation MRSA, VREF SEs: rash, myalgia, arthralgia, pseudomembranous colitis, hyperbilirubinnemia |
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TET Protein
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mechanism of resistance against tetracyclin-
TET A causes efflux of drug |
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resistance against aminoglycosides
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b/c decreased O2 dependent transport
plasmid synthesis of enzymes |
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CAM acetyltransferase
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resistance mechanism against Chloramphenicol
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resistance for_______
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Organisms causing nosocomial infections
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Staph Epidermidis
MRSA- vancomycin E Coli & F Klebsiella- (extended spectrum beta lactams) rotavirus, influenza |
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Organisms that make biofilm
(slime) |
P Aeruginosa & S epidermidis
exopolysaccharide makes slime inhibits oxidative burst difficult for ABs to penetrate Found on catheters & other foreign bodies |
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Progression of nosocomial infection
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Days 1-5 community pathogen
after day 5 G- rod & MRSA finally nonfermenting G- rods (acinetobacter, pseudomonas) & VRE |
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Typical reservoirs for nosocomial infections
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Fungi & Legionella- construction
TB- patients w/unsuspected infection virus- pt to staff |
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virus & method of contracting nosocomial infections
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Hand washing- rotavirus & infl
needlestick- Hep B & C, HIV repeated draws from saline - Hep C Contaminated lancets- Hep B Organ transplant- west nile |
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Plasmids
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found in E coli
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Phages
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botulism, diphtheria, scarlet fever
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common pili
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(in G- bacteria) Gonorrhea, E coli, Bordelo Pertussis
important for conjugation adhesins here |
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M protein
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antigenic protein in pili of S Pyogene (GAS)
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Hyaluronidase
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Strep, Staph, Clostridia
for invasion |
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Collagenase
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Clostridia
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Neuramidase
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affects epis in gut mucosa
Shigella Dysenteriae & Vibrio Cholera |
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siderophores
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binds iron after hemolysins lyse RBC
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coagulase
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phagocyte evasion
Staph (gives boils/abscesses) |
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Capsular pollysaccharides
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S Pneumo
K Pneumo Anthrax H Influenza (B) Yersinia Pestis Strep Mutans |
SKAbYS
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Fibronectin
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inhibits complement binding to Treponema Pallidum (syphilis)
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Hyaluronic Acid
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inhibits complement bindindg of GAS (looks like CT matrix)
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IgA
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Inhibits complement binding on Streptococci & Campylobacter
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Surface Slime
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P Aeruginosa
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O Antigen
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E Coli- associated with LPS
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Leukocidins
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cause polis to release granules & kill themselves
Staphylococci |
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Inhibition of Phagolysosome fusion
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TB, M Leprae, Toxoplasma, Chlamydia
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Catalase Antioxident
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some staph
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Bug that inhibits phagocyte function via release of cAMP
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Bordello Pertussis
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Bugs that inhibit chemotaxis
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Streptococcal streptolysin, TB, Clostridium Toxin
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CT(x)Ss
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Evasion of Host Defenses via gene rearrangement
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Salmonella- flagellin
H1 & H2- determined by promoter Neisseria- 7 silent loci Borrelia Recurrentis- storage plasmid (don't lose information) |
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Types of exotoxins
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Cytotoxins
Neuroactive Enterotoxins found with G+ bacteria |
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Toxin associated with Diphtheria
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A-B toxin
ribosylates EF-2 & inhibits protein synth A domain is catalytic B domain is binding sensitivity |
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Toxin associated with Staph Aureus
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Alpha toxin (membrane active)
causes death b/c loss of K+ |
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toxin associated with clostridium perfringes
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alpha toxin (membrane active)
hydrolyses phospharylchlorine |
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Botulism Toxin
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blocks release of ACh-
respiratory arrest & paralysis |
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Tetanus Toxin
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prevents release of inhibitory NT
rigid muscle contractions |
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Cholera Toxin
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B subunit binds ganglioside receptors on GI epis
A ribosylates Gs increases cAMP stim CFTR R massive outflow water & electrolytes |
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Pertussis Toxin
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ribosylates Gi
blocks inhibition of cAMP increase PKC activate CFTR R in lungs |
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Shigellosis Toxin
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Highly contagious
binds Gb3 glycolipid R internalized deadenylate 30s subunit blocks protein synthesis epis die spreads internally via M cells in peyers patches |
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Enterocolitis
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C Difficile
A recognizes carbohydrate on apex of epi rounding of epis, lose water into GI lumen Pt on ABs may be assymptomatic carriers |
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Psuedomembranous colitis
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necrotic tissue
yellowish membrane that peels |
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Endotoxin
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LPS on outermembrane of G-
O Antigen is species specific Lipid A is toxic moiety of LPS can cause endotoxic shock, hypotension, DIC |
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