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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name professional APCs
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Dendritic, Marcophages and B cells
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What cells drive the differentiation of B cells to plasma cells?
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TH2
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What happens to the lymphocyte as it differentiates?
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It enlarges (ER> as more protein is being made)
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GM-CSF produced by a macrophage and activating a BM cell is an example of what?
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endocrine action of cytokines
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What single cell produces IL-2?
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TH1
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What single cell produces IL-4?
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TH2
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IL-10 only acts on what cell type?
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Macrophages to block IL-12, thus blocking TH1
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IL-12 only acts on what cell type?
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TH1
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Cytokines acting on multiple cell types
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Pleiotropism
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Name 2 cytokines that display pleiotropism (acting on many cells)
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IFN and IL-1
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When an individual cytokine may have multiple effects on a target cell
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Pleiotrophy
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Because IL1, IL6 and TNF all cause fever, this shows what?
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redundancy
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IL4 and IL5 have what kind of effect?
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Synergistic in inducing class switching to IgE
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IL-4 and IFN-gamma have what effect together?
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Antagonism (IFN-gamma blocks class switch to IgE induced by IL-4)
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What 2 basic things does cellular response to cytokines require?
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mRNA and protein synthesis
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What cytokines stimulate BM stem cells to grow?
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CSFs
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What stimulate TH1 cells to grow?
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IL-2 and IL-15
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What stimulates TH2 cells to grow?
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IL-2
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What blocks TH1 cell growth?
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IL-10
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What blocks TH2 cell growth?
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IFN-g by blocking TH2 from making IL-4
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What T cell is triggered to proliferate when IL-4 is high?
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TH2
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What T cell is triggered to proliferate when IL-10 is high?
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TH2
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What is more powerful, IL-4 or IFN-gamma?
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IL-4 (Thus produce more TH2)
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What shuts down TH2 proliferation?
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IFN-gamma
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What are Tregs a subset of?
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CD4+ T cells
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What do Tregs produce?
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IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-Beta
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When do you develop tuberuloid leprosy?
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When TH1 cells dominate (pt survives)
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When do you develop lepromatous leprosy?
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When TH2 cells dominate (pt dies)
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What type of receptor do the IL-1 family bind to?
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Ig
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What is the key to transduction in IL-2 receptor subunits?
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gamma subunit
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What happens if there is a loss of the common gamma chain in an IL-2 receptor family?
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Causes severe combined imuunodeficiency disorder (cannot transduce a signal)
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What is a low affinity receptor?
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alpha
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What is a high affinity receptor?
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Beta subunit
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What two chains of the IL-2 receptor bind a cytokine?
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alpha and Beta
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What is the transducing chain of an IL-2 receptor?
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gamma chain
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What may explain the redundancy of cytokines?
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They are signaled through a common subunit
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Why do IL-3 and GM-CSF exhibit antagonism?
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There are a limited number of Beta subunits. Most evident if IL-3 is added first.
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What happens to cytokine binding as more subunits are added?
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Strength of cytokine binding >
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To what does the gamma subunit bind?
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Beta (NOT alpha)
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To what does IL-2 actually bind even if all 3 subunits are present?
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alpha and beta (NOT gamma)
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What kinase and transcription factor are involved in IFN receptor?
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JAK and STAT
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What does JAK do in an IFN receptor?
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Binds to intracellular domain of receptor and phosph tyrosines on receptor and itself and STAT
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What is activated STAT?
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becomes active transcription factor
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