Ihi Tb4 Neuro 2

Front 1

define tremor

Back 1

rhythmic, sinusoidal, oscillatory movement due to regular contraction of reciprocally innervated antagonistic muscles

Front 2

what disease has resting tremor?

Back 2

parkinson disease

Front 3

what disease has postural (action) tremor?

Back 3

essential tremor and physiologic tremor

Front 4

what disease has kinetic tremor (with movement)?

Back 4

essential tremor

Front 5

what disease has intention tremor (terminal accentuation)?

Back 5

cerebellar disease

Front 6

your grandma's hands shake and her voice tremors, but it gets better after a G&T. What does she have?

Back 6

essential tremor

Front 7

define chorea

Back 7

jerky, irregular, non-repetitive, brief, semi-purposive movements that flit from one body part to another in a random sequence

Front 8

when I say jack in the box tongue, you say

Back 8

chorea

Front 9

when I say 'hung-up' reflex, you say

Back 9

chorea

Front 10

when I say milkmaid's grip, you say

Back 10

chorea

Front 11

do patients with chorea have hypertonia or hypotonia?

Back 11

hypotonia

Front 12

what are the 4 choreiform disorders?

Back 12

1. hungington disease; 2. sydenham's chorea (rheumatic fever), 3. L-dopa induced dyskinesias (only in parkinsons), 4. tardive dyskinesia (not a true chorea, seen in psychophrenia

Front 13

what is tardive dyskinesia?

Back 13

a hyperkinetic movement disorder, appears after months of therpay with D blockers (can develop even after drugs have been discontinued)

Front 14

what types of movements are seen in tardive dyskinesia?

Back 14

patterned - orobuccolingual choreiform movments "wormiform" movements in tongue

Front 15

define Tics

Back 15

repetitive, irregular stereotypic movments or vocalizations that can be suppressed only for a short time

Front 16

define myoclonus

Back 16

rapid breif shock like muscle jerks that involve one or more sites in a repetitive fashion

Front 17

Define asterixis

Back 17

"flapping tremor", it is a form of negative myoclonus - secondary to lapse in msucle tone

Front 18

what are the causes of asterixis?

Back 18

hepatic failure, uremia, hypercarbia, hyponatremia, drug induced (phenytoin or carbamezepine toxicity)

Front 19

define hemiballismus

Back 19

uncontrollable violent jerky movements of large amplitude involving proxmial muscles on one side

Front 20

where is the lesion for hemiballisum?

Back 20

contralateral subthalamic nucleus of Luys - usually vascular etiology

Front 21

what is unique about hemiballisum?

Back 21

It IS ACUTE - the only one that is acute!

Front 22

define dystonia

Back 22

a syndrome of sustained muscle contractions frequently causing repetitive movements or abnormal postures

Front 23

what population is affected by focal dystonia?

Back 23

older

Front 24

what population is affected by generalized dystonia?

Back 24

younger

Front 25

What is Wilson's disease?

Back 25

AR disorder of copper metabolism that affects younger persons

Front 26

what are the signs of wilson disease?

Back 26

resting and or intention tremor, dystonia, chorea, dementia, psychiatric symptoms, dysarthria (cirrhosis and hemolytic anemia)

Front 27

What is the hallmark of wilson disease?

Back 27

Kayser-Fleischer rings in the eyes

Front 28

what is parkinson disease?

Back 28

a progressive neuro-degenerative disorder caused by degeneration of dopaminergic cells int eh substantia nigra pars compacta

Front 29

what is parkinsonism?

Back 29

bradykinesia, resting tremor, rigidity and postural instability

Front 30

what are the symptoms of brown-Sequard syndrome?

Back 30

ipsilateral weakness and UMN signs, ipsilateral proprioceptive deficits, contralateral superficial sensation deficits

Front 31

what are the symptoms of anterior spinal artery syndrome?

Back 31

bilateral weakness and UMN signs, bilateral superficial sensory deficitys, preserved proprioception

Front 32

where is a syringomyelic syndrome most likely to occur?

Back 32

cervical spinal cord

Front 33

what are the symptoms of syringomylic syndrome?

Back 33

upper limbs weaker than lower limbs, upper limbs - LMN signs; lower limbs - UMN signs

Front 34

what are the symptoms of central cord syndrome?

Back 34

upper limbs weaker than lower limbs, proximal weaker than distal, "man in the barrel syndrom"

Front 35

what are the symptoms of complete cord transection?

Back 35

clear sensory level, plegia below injury, anesthesia below injury, initially flaccid then spastic bladder, autonomic dysreflexia if T6 or higher

Front 36

what are the symptoms of conus syndrome?

Back 36

early sphincter signs, flaccid bladder and bowels (retention), impotence, saddle anesthesia and decreased anal tone

Front 37

what are the symptoms of cervico-medullary junction syndrome?

Back 37

clockwise or counter-clockwise progression or weakness, commonly starts with UL monoparesis; downbeating nystagmus, lower cranial nerve symptoms

Front 38

where is central cord syndrome most likley to occur?

Back 38

cervical spinal cord

Front 39

what are the symptoms of spinal shock?

Back 39

decreased muscle tone, flaccid bladder, severe orthostasis and absent superfical reflexes

Front 40

what should you think if there are absent superficial reflexes after a spinal cord injury?

Back 40

spinal shock

Front 41

what presents with paraparesis/tetraparesis, bowel and bladder dysfunction, brisk reflexes, bilateral babinski and sensory loss?

Back 41

acute transverse myelitis

Front 42

what is acute transverse myelitis associated with in children?

Back 42

post infection

Front 43

what is acute transverse myelitis associated with in young adults?

Back 43

MS, not uncommon - post infection

Front 44

what is acute transverse myelitis associated with in older adults?

Back 44

mass lesion, Zoster infection, ischemia

Front 45

What is the most common disabling neurological disease of the middle aged?

Back 45

MS