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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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3 key differences between glia and neurons
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Glia-no APs, no axons;
Glia-lack chemical synapses/synaptic vesicles Glia-able to divide, especially after injury |
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5 main types of glia (PNS & CNS)
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PNS-Schwann
CNS-Oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, ependymal cells, microglia |
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Origin of glia (except which one?)
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Neural crest cells, except microglia
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Which glial cells play a role in regenerating PNS nerves?
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Schwann cells (physical guides and/or secreting molecules)
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Myelinating cell of CNS
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Oligodendrocytes (up to 50 myelin segments each)
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Astrocytes are often located around which neural structure?
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Synaptic cleft
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What types of astrocytes are found in each of the different types of matter?
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Protoplasmic astrocytes are found in gray matter; Fibrous are found in white matter.
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Where do the astrocytic "feet" come in contact?
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Blood vessels, so changes in neuronal activity regulate local blood flow
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Layer around blood vessels that forms part of the blood brain barrier.
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Glia limitans
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Effect of astrocytic scarring
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Protects from further damage, but prevent repair
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Where are ependymal cells located? What lies on their apical surface?
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Ventricular surfaces of brain; have MV and cilia
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What do ependymal cells lack that functions with CSF?
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Lack tight junctions, so CSF can move amongst them.
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What cells produce CSF?
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Specialized ependymal cells in choroid plexus
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What do microglia do?
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respond to change
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Microglia are the major site of infection for what disease?
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HIV
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What food source do astrocytes help supply?
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Convert glucose to lactate for neurons
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What ion do astrocytes help buffer? Why?
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K+, membranes are almost exclusively permeable to K+
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How do glia affect the formation and elimination of synapses?
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Take up CNS NT, as well as insulate synapses to a given neuron
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Astrocytes take up what CNS NT? Failure to do so leads to what?
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Glutamate. leads to excitotoxicity (death by depolarization)
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How do some astrocytes communicate between cells?
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Ca++ waves (very slow)
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Where do most CNS tumors derive from?
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Glia
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