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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the components of the CHC IQ Test? |
- Fluid Reasoning (Gf) - Comprehension‐Knowledge (Gc) - Short‐term memory (Gsm) - Visual‐Spatial Thinking (Gv) - Auditory Processing (Ga) - Processing Speed (Gs) - Long‐Term Retrieval (Glr) |
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What are some common criticisms of IQ? |
- It’s impossible to measure intelligence - The tests are culturally biased - IQs are not constant - They only measure academic abilities - Theyresult in labelling |
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What do The Bayley Scales of Infant Development check? |
The Bayley Scales of Infant Development checkobservable behaviours that are markers for normal development ages 1-42 months |
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What is Cattell's Investment Theory? |
- Investment of fluid ability into crystallised knowledge - Richer nurturing results in a wider knowledgebase - Interests and motivation determine thedevelopment of specific skills |
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What happens when people take both old and new IQ tests concurrently? |
People receive higher scores on the older version |
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What are some of the practical implications of the Flynn Effect? |
- Test corrections - Cultural differences - Intellectual disabilities |
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What is the Flynn Effect? |
The Flynn effect is the substantial and long-sustained increase in both fluid and crystallized intelligence test scores measured in many parts of the world from roughly 1930 to the present day. |
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What are some possible explanations of the Flynn Effect? |
Environmental influences - Improved nutrition - Reduction of pathogenic stress - Higher awareness of medical risks - Better hygiene - Improved prenatal care - Improved obstetric perinatal/postnatalprocedures Bettereducation and more stimulating childhood |
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What are the four paradoxes in IQ testing literature? |
The factor analysis paradox - Relative g loadings of subtests do not mimicchanging IQ trends The intelligence paradox - IQ gains do not represent intelligence gains The intellectual disability paradox - Intelligence across generations is the same The identical twin paradox - How can environment be both feeble and potent? |
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Is IQ heritable? |
Yes |
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What does the Flynn Effect expose? |
The Flynn effect exposes limitations to IQ as aproxy for intelligence |
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What are Gardner's multiple intelligences? |
- Linguistic - Logical - mathematical - Spatial - Musical - Bodily kinesthetic - Interpersonal - Intrapersonal - Naturalist - Existentialist (not even sure himself if this isworth persuing) |
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How did Gardner's MI relate to g? |
All but musicaland bodily kinesthetic were the least related to g |
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What is Sternberg's Triarchic Theory of Intelligence? |
AnalyticalIntelligence: the componetial sub-theory - Metacomponents - Performance components - Knowledge-acquisition components PracticalIntelligence: the contextual sub-theory - Adaption - Shaping - Selection CreativeIntelligence: the experiential sub-theory - Novelty - Automisation |
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What is the theory of successful intelligence? |
- The ability to achieve success in life in termsof one’s personal standards within one’s sociocultural context - Thetheory does not suggest replacing conventional tests but rather augmenting them |
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What are the evaluations of Sternberg's theory? |
- The distinction between implicit (classroom) andexplicit (nobody teaches you) learningis potentially important - His theory is backed by extensive researcheffort - Practical intelligence is not independent of g but it adds incrementalvalidity to g |
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What are Flynn's pre-theory concept of intelligence elements? |
- Habits of mind (environmentally gained) - Attitudes (drive to succeed) - Knowledge and information (long term memory) - Memory (working memory) - Speed of information processing - Mental acuity (abstract problem solving) |
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What did Demetriou’s studies of cultural similarities and differences find? |
- Inferred that Chinese advantage onvisual/spatial reasoning is result of training with more demanding logographicsystem - fMRI confirmed this theory demonstratingspecific activation is visual-spatial areas when reading Chinese logographs butnot when reading European texts - This suggests that differences in intelligenceskills can emerge depending on experiences in same way as more specificpractical skills |
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What is the Hick paradigm? |
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What is the Sternberg memory scanning? |
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What is the Posner letter matching task? |
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What is Inspection Time? |
The shortest duration required to make a simpledecision with near perfect accuracy |
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How does Inspection Time correlate with non verbal IQ? |
0.5 |
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What are the results of Inspection Time? |
- IT improves during childhood, is stable duringadolescence and early adulthood but slows across the lifespan - IT is a successful biomarker for abnormalageing, especially for everyday living and fluid cognition |
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What is Fry & Hale's cascade model? |
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What did Lynn & Irwing's meta-analysis find? |
- 81,000 Raven scores from 57 studies across 30countries - No differences for children aged 6‐14 - Beyond age 15 across adulthood a 5‐pointdifference favours males |
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What are some criticisms of Lynn & Irwing's meta-analysis? |
- Can RPM and APM be combined? (no) - RPM is not “culture‐fair” and lacks externalvalidity for many of the countries included - Questionable whether samples are representativeof males and females in some countries |
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What are the cognitive differences between men and women? |
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What are some explanations for the sex differences in intelliectual abilities? |
Biological theories - Evolutionary perspectives - Testosterone - Brain Functioning Environmental theory - Gender stereotypes |
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What are some explanations for the sex difference in different ability domains? |
- Effect of brain size on general intelligence - Males have larger brains - Males and females the same for g - Male advantage on spatial tasks particularlyrotation - Female advantage on verbal tasks - Equivalent intellectual performance may resultfrom different brain structures |
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What are the sex differences in the Big Five? |
Females report higher levels for neuroticism,agreeableness, extraversion, and conscientiousness |
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What are the sex difference in emotional intelligence? |
- MSCEIT reveals female advantages for all 4aspects of perception‐facilitation‐understanding-management - BarOn has reported females to be more empathic |
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What did Salovey & Mayer (1990) define as emotional intelligence? |
Abilityto monitor one’s own and other’s feelings and emotions, to discriminate amongthem and to use this information to guide one’s thinking and actions |
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What is Salovey & Mayer’s Four Branch Model of EmotionalIntelligence: MSCEIT? |
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What does self-report emotional intelligence correlate with? |
- Self-report EI correlated with range of lifesatisfaction, problem solving, coping behaviours - Self-report EI did not correlate with TER |
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What does the MSCEIT correlate with? |
- MSCEIT independent from personality measures - MSCEIT correlated with life satisfaction,problem solving, coping behaviours - MSCEIT did not correlate with TER |
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What are Rhodes four P's of creativity? |
Person – focus on personality traits Process –the cognitive processes needed to becreative Press (pressures) – situational pressures e.g.the need for time Product – the outcome of the creative process |
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What are some examples of creativity in Sternberg's creative leadership model? |
- Redefining problems - Questioning and analysing assumptions - Realising that creative ideas do not sellthemselves - Realising knowledge is a double‐edged sword - Willingness to surmount obstacles - Willingness to take sensible risks |
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What is the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking? |
- Fluency - Flexibility - Originality - Elaboration |
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What is savant syndrome? |
A savant displays exceptional but isolatedskills in the presence of low IQ |
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What is Renzulli’s 3‐ring conception of giftedness? |
Reasonably high IQ, creativity, task commitment |
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What is Feldman's giftedness theory? |
High IQ, creativity, dedication, opportunity |
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What is Sternberg's Balance Theory of Wisdom? |
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What are the different decision making systems used by younger and older adults? |
- Older adults tend to use a model‐based systemthat is shaped by past experience - Younger adults tend to use a model‐free systemthat focuses on each choice directly |
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What are David Kolb's learning styles and Experiential Learning Theory (ELT)? |
Learning processes - Concrete experience (also known as feeling) - Reflective observation (also known as watching) - Abstract conceptualisation (also known asthinking) - Active experimentation (also known as doing)Learning styles - Accommodating - Diverging - Converging - Assimilating |
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What are the results of Deary's Longevity study of IQ at age 11 and survival at 76? |
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What is collective intelligence? |
- Defined as group ability to perform variety oftasks - Emergent property results from bottom‐up and topdown processes - c better predicts outcome than group average IQ |
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What are the facets of the TEIQue-SF? |
Wellbeing, Self-Control, Emotionality, Sociability |
