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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How many muscles are there in the human body?
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600
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What percent of the body weight is muscle?
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40-50%
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Name the 3 types of connective tissue found in muscle?
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Endomysium-around fiber
Perimysium-around fasicles Epimysium-around muscle |
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What is the definition of a tendon?
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Strong tough cord that connects muscle to bone
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What is a Aponeurosis?
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A fibrous wrapping of the of the muscle that extends as a broad flat sheet of connective tissue.
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What is the definition of fascia?
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Fibrous tissue surrounding the muscle,tendon,and outside of the epimysium.
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What are the 6 shapes of a muscle?
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Parallel
Convergent Pennant Fusiform Spiral muscles Circular muscles |
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Describe Parallel muscles
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Long straplike muscles with parallel fasicles.
(ex.Sartorius of leg,Rectus abdominis anterior abdomin) |
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Describe Convergent muscles
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Fasicles that radiate from smaller point to a larger point.
(ex.Pectoralis major) |
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Describe 3 types of penant muscles
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Said to be feather like 3 different types.
Unipenant-fiber go 1 way(soleus) Bipenant-fibers go 2 ways(Rectus femoris) Multipenant-Numerous connecting fasicles converge on a common point(Deltiod) |
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Describe Fusiform muscles
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Close or parallel in the center of muscle but converge to a tendon at one or both ends.(Brachioradialis)
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Spiral Muscles
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Have fibers that twist between their points of attachment(Lattismus Dorsi)
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Circular Muscles
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Sometimes called SPHINCTERS,often circle body openings or tubes(Orbicularis Oris)
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What is an Orgin?
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The point of attachment that does not move when the muscle contracts
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What is an Insertion?
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Is the point of attachment that moves when the muscles contract.
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What are the 4 actions of Muscles?
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Prime Mover-Agonist(performs a specific movement)
Antagonist-directly oppose the prime movers(agonist) Synergist-Contract at the same time as the prime mover Fixator-function as joint stabilizers |
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What are the components of the lever system?
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Rigid bar-bones
Fulcrum-joints Load-item to be moved |
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What are the 3 types of lever systems?
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1st class- L----F------P
2nd Class- P----L-----F 3rd class- L-----P-----F |
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What are the 7 ways Muscles are named
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Location
Function Shape Direction of fibers Number of fibers or heads Points of attachment Size of muscle |
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Where is the Trapezius muscle located and what is it's function?
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Location-Back
extensor of head and neck |
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What is an abductor of upper arm?
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Deltoid
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What is an extensor and adductor of the upper arm?
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Lattissimus dorsi
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Give an example of an extensor for the forearm
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Triceps Bachii
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What is an extensor of the Thigh?
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Gluteus Maximus
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What is an example of flexor for the leg?
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Hamstrings and Quadriceps
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What facial muscle has its insertion in tissue of eyebrows and functions to raise and lower eyebrows,wrinkles forehead horizontally?
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Occipitofrontalis
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What facial muscle has its insertion in the skin of the eyebrow and it functions to wrinkle forehead vertically?
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Corrugator Supercili
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What are the 3 muscles used in Mastication?
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Masseter-closes jaw
Temporalis-closes jaw Pterygoids(laterl&medial)-Grates teeth |
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What is the function of the Sternoclatomastoid?
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Flexes head(prayer muscle)
Rotates head toward opposite side Works with Trapezius to move head |
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What the 3 muscle layers of the Abdomen?
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external oblique-outermost
Internal oblique-middle(important in posture) Transverse abdominis-innermost |
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Name the muscles of the Pelvic floor
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Levator ani-
Coccygeus- |
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What muscles travel all the way down our backs and extend the vertebral column?
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Erector spinae
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What are the 6 muscle that form the shoulder girdle?
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Trapezius-raises and lowers
Pectoralis minor-pulls shoulder down and forward Serratus anterior-abducts and rotates upward Levator scappulae-scapula Rhomboid major-scapula Rhomboid minor-scapula |
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What is the function of the Serratus anterior?
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holds scapula in place, Prevents winging
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What is the function of the Latissimus Dorsi?
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Extends upper arm,adducts the upper arm posteriorly
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What are 2 examples of rotator muscles of the upper arm?
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Teres minor
Teres major |
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What are intrinsic muscles and examples?
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Intrinsic muscles-are muscles that are within the part that is being moved.
Examples in the hand are Lumbrical and Interosseus |
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What are Extrinsic muscle and examples?
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Muscles that originate from outside of the part being moved.
Mostly muscles in the forearm anterior/posterior move hand and fingers |
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What muscle allows the thumb to touch the tip of other fingers?
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Opponens Pollicis
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What are the 3 muscles that flex the forearm?
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Biceps brachii
Brachialis Brachioradialis |
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What muscle extends the lower arm?
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Triceps Brachii
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What muscle flexes the distal inter-phelangeal joints?
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Digitorum profundis
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What muscle flexes the fingers?
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Digitorum Superficialis
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Which muscles move the thigh?
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Iliopsoas(flexes thigh/trunk)
Rectus femoris(flex thigh/extend lower leg) Gluteal maximus,medius,minimus(aduct and rotate thigh) Tensor fascia latte(abducts thigh) Abductor group Brevis,Longus,Magnus-(adducts thigh) Gracilis-(adducts thigh flexes leg) |
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What are 4 extensors of the Quadricep?
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Rectus femoris
Vastus Lateralis Vastus medialis Vastus intermedius |
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What are the 4 functional groups that move the foot?
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Dorsal flexors
Plantar flexors Invertors Evertors |
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What is the definition of good posture?
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It means alignment that most favors function
poisiton that places least strain on muscles,ligament,and bones. Position that keeps bod's center over its base |
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What is the difference between an A-band and a I-band?
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A-band is the segment that runs the entire length of the fillamnets
I-BAND-segment that includes the Z line where the fillaments end and do not overlap |
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What is another name forthe plasma membrane of a muscle fiber?
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Sarcolemma
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What is a network of tubules and sacs in muscle cells?
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Sarcoplasmic recticulum
*Stores Calcium ions temporarily |
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What are T-tubules?
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They are formed by inward extensions of the sarcolemma
They allow signals or impulses traveling across the sarcolemma to penetrate deeper into the cell. |
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What is it called when a T-tubule is between 2 sarcolemma?
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ATriad
this allows messages carried by the T-tubule to stimulate the adjacent sarcolemma |
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What are the 4 proteins that make up a myofillament?
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Myosin
Actin Tropomyosin Troponin |
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What is a neuromuscular junction?
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It is where a motor neuron connects to a sarcolemma at a motor endplate.
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What does Acetylcholine do in the sarcoleema?
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it initiates an electrical impulse causing excitation.
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Muscle fibers contract what percent of their starting length?
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80%
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What needs to happen for a muscle to relax?
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Calcium needs to be released by Troponin.
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What are the 2 different energy sources for muscle cells?
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ATP-Last for 2-4 sec
Back up Energy source-Createnic Phosphate last additional 20 sec |
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How are glucose and oxygen stored in the cells?
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They are stored as Glucose and Myoglobin
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What is aerobic respiration?
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Acatabolic process that produces maximum amount of energy from each glucose molecule.
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What is anerobic respiration?
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allows the body to avoid the use of oxygen Short term.
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What does anerobic respiration produce?
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Anerobic respiration produces Lactic acid .
Lactic Acid is sent to the liver where it is converted back into glucose. |
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What is one motor neuron and the fibers it attaches to?
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Motor unit
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What are the 3 phases of a twitch contraction?
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Latent phase
Contraction phase Relaxation phase |
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What is a gradual step like increase of muscle contractions an example of?
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Treppe/staircase phenomenon
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What is the principle that states that muscle organs can different grades of strength we can match the force with a graded task?
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Graded strength principle.
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This states that the strength of a muscle organ can be matched by a negative feedback response centered in the spinal cord.
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The stretch relex
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What is the difference between isotonic and Isometric contraction?
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Isotonic-tension same,muscle lengthens
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What is the difference between eccentric and concentric?
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Concentric-muscle shortens(like picking up a book)
Eccentric-Muscle lengthens while remaining contracted(negatives) |
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What are the 3 types of muscle?
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Cardiac-heart
Smoothe-organs Skeletal-muscle |
