Idaho Pesticide Test Chpt 4 Pesticide Formulations

Front 1

what is the compound of a pesticide that controls the target pest called?

Back 1

the Active Ingrediant!
active ingrediants are mixed w/ liguids, or inert stuff called inert ingrediants.

Front 2

why are inert ingrediants added along with active ingrediants?

Back 2

so you can handle it safely, effectively, and easily.

Front 3

So mixtures of active and inert ingrediants are called ...

Back 3

Pesticide Formulations!! ta da!
formulations make an active ingrediant more convenient to handle and even more attractive to the pest too!

Front 4

common pesticide formulations are like?

Back 4

emulsifiable concentrates
solutions
soluable powders
wettable powders
flowables
microcapsulates
dusts
baits
granules
Aerosols
fumigants
impregnated materials
water dispersable granuales

Front 5

how do formulatons vary?

Back 5

formulations differ by
safety to user
potential hazard to enviro
application eq./method needed
likehood of causing phytotoxicity
cost
efficacy of pest control

Front 6

how do formulations vary?

Back 6

formulations vary by:
safety to user
potential hazard to enviro
application methods
likelyhood of phtotoxicty
cost
efficacy of pest control

Front 7

so we learn to choose the best formula for the application. so what?

Back 7

so the applicator needs to know characteristics of each formulation and type of pest he's attempting to control

Front 8

Ex Don't use a grannular formula on a windy day, the dust will move elsewhere, right? So, the more the formulations out there, what?

Back 8

the greater variety can match the pesticide to the conditions.

Front 9

Types of pesticide formulations
There are Emulsifiable Concentrates (EC or E)
what is this?

Back 9

Emulsifiable concentrates are liquids w/ active ingredient & 1 or more petroleum solvents. Emulsifier is added so stuff will mix easily w/ water. Usually Emulsibiable concentrates have 2 - 8 lbs of active ingredients per gallon and when added to water forms a milky white emulsion.

Front 10

so what is an emulsion?

Back 10

emulsion is a liquid in another liquid.

Front 11

ECs (Emulsion Concentrate) are versatile and used all kinds of ways. what are some advantages?

Back 11

easy to handle, move and store
little agitation required
non abrasive to equipment
no plugging of screens nozzles

Front 12

whats the disadvantages of Emulsion Concentrates?

Back 12

hi concentrations of active ingredients REDUCE margin of error when mixing so you have to be careful!
may have hi phytotoxicity hazard
may be easily absorbed thru skin on humans and animals
solvents can damage equipment
may be corrisive to equiptment
may be flammable

Front 13

another type of pesticide formulation is the
Solutions (s) what is solutions?

Back 13

solutions are formulations w/ a water soluble active ingredient dissolved in 1 or more liquid solvent.

Front 14

another type of pesticide formulation is the
Soluble Powders (SP)
what is a soluble powder?

Back 14

soluble powders are dry, powdered formulations containing 25 - 80 % active ingrediants. So, soluble powders dissolve readily in water.

Front 15

what good about a soluble powder?

Back 15

easy to store, move and handle
lower phototoxicity than liquid formulations, esp. ECs
slower skin and eye sbsorption than ECs

Front 16

whats the down to soluble powders?

Back 16

its a dust like stuff, you could breath it during mixing!

Front 17

there is a wettable powder as a type of pesticide formulation. what is this?

Back 17

Wettable powders are also dry BUT do not dissolve in water. They still mix in water but are a emulsifier so the stuff stays dry particles in liquid.

Front 18

wettable powders share good and bad things. what are they?

Back 18

you have to constantley stir it
it causes wear to equipment
clogs sprayers
difficult to mix in hard water
visible residues on treated surfaces

Front 19

Flowables are yet another pesticide formulation. what is a flowable formulation?

Back 19

finely ground solid particles combined w/ active ingretients and suspended in liquid carrier. Good thing about this is flowables don't present a inhalation hazard when mixing.

Front 20

Water Dispersible Granules (WDG)
this type of formulation is similar to wettable powders BUT ...?

Back 20

active ingredient is grandular form rather than a powder, so dustless! these granular dissolve when mixed w/ water. The resulting spray is then just like a flowable or finely dispersed wettable powder in water.

Front 21

whats so good about water Dispersible granules? (WDG)

Back 21

easy to measure
less dust flying around to breathe

Front 22

Dusts
another pesiticde formulation
dusts contain low % active ingredients. How is a dust formulation applied?

Back 22

dusts are always administered dry so most all dusts are ready to go, don't need mixing.

Front 23

whats good about dusts?

Back 23

easy to handle, use low cost gear
works well when liquid formulations can cause damage
easy to apply in hard to reach areas

Front 24

whats the negative to dusts?

Back 24

drifts into non target areas
wind and rain can move it away from treated areas
expensive for amt of active ingredients
may be irritating to user

Front 25

Granulars (G) and Pellets (P)
granular and pellet formulations are ...?

Back 25

dry, ready to use w/2-15% active ingredients. Granulers are prepared by applying active ingredients as a liquid to coarse porous stuff

Front 26

Granules used to control soilborne pests. Many active ingredients in granule have ...

Back 26

systemic properties, so granular are put on soil where active ingredient can then be absorbed by roots and then translocated thru the plant.

Front 27

Pellete are similar to Granules but ...?

Back 27

the pellet formulation has all particles in the same weight and shape! so more precise application

Front 28

whats good about granulers and pellet formulations?

Back 28

ready to use no mixing & easy to apply
low drift hazard b/c particles are heavy
little dust to breathe
inexpensive application equipment

Front 29

what's the down to granules and pellets?

Back 29

more expensive than WPs or ECs related to amt of active ingredient in formulation
doesn't stick to folage
may need soil incorporation, or moisture to activate pesticide!
hazard to non target species

Front 30

BAITS are another formulation.
a bait is an active ingredient w/ edible substance or other attractant. where is it placed?

Back 30

where it can be found OR attract the pest. It must be eaten for it to work.

Front 31

bait can be used to control birds, mammals, etc. have low % active ingredients < 5%, and are used where?

Back 31

kitchens
gardens
granaries
fodd storage facilities
refuse disposal areas

Front 32

what are advantages to using bait?

Back 32

read to use, no mixing etc
use it only where it is needed

Front 33

what are some negatives to using bait?

Back 33

can attract children or pets
kill domestic animals
might not work anyway
dead pests smell

Front 34

What is Ultr low volume (ULV) formulation?

Back 34

ULV is a spray app of undiluted formulation at 1/2 gallon per acre. you don't dillute ULV. the formulation only contains the active ingredient or active ingredient in small amounts

Front 35

why use Ultra low volume ?

Back 35

you can spray large area w/ small amt of liquid. Require specialized appl. equipment and is limited to small # of insects and few uses.

Front 36

what are the advantages of ULV?

Back 36

ready to use, pour into your tank and go
little agitation needed
doesn't plug hoses or screens
non abrasive to gear

Front 37

what are the downs to ULV?

Back 37

deterorates rubber hoses, plastic hoses, gaskets, pump parts, surfaces
a drift hazard
absorbed thru skin, need protective clothing
I won't be doing any of this w/out EPA permission it looks like

Front 38

Encapsulated pesticides formulations (M or ME)
can be either liquid or dry...
is encased in small plastic coated pills that are ...

Back 38

suspended in a liquid. So the pesiticide is released gradually over a period of time. like a cold remedy.

Front 39

There are Aerosol formulations. active ingredient in solution and packaged in a pressurized container. Bug bombs here. so what?

Back 39

contain small amt of active ingredient mixed w/ a propellent

Front 40

Aerosols can also be applied by hi pressure hoses that produce ?

Back 40

ext small dropletes. this is old technology.

Front 41

Fumigants are yet another formulation.
what is a fumigant?

Back 41

fumigant is a pesticide gas. some are formulated in a liquid, or pressurized liquid that b/c a gas. others are solids that release gas when exposed to moisture.

Front 42

There are pesticide ingregnated materials.
what are these?

Back 42

collars, ear tags, gaskets.
usually have pesicide or herbicide on them. designed to release slowly into the immediate area. great for eliminating root growth in pipe joints.

Front 43

Pesicide mixtures
you can control more than one pest with a mixture with one application. so what?

Back 43

this saves time, labor, money
and fuel. Lots of pesticides are premixes ready to use but as concentrates that I would mix myself. you can tank mix if allowed.

Front 44

some mixes work well together, some don't. if they are compatable, then mix them. what do you call two pesicides that don't mix?

Back 44

incompatible
there can be chemical or physical seperation of ingredients that cause clumps or gels or a mess.

Front 45

So incompatiblilty can result in?

Back 45

loss of effectiveness against your target pests
phytotoxicity
hazard to applicator and treated animals
clogged equipment

Front 46

Before mixing 2 pesticides, what?

Back 46

read the labels first. can you tank mix them? is it legal? what do we do then? We
do a compatiliblty test

Front 47

how do you do a compatiblility test?

Back 47

wear the label required PPE
use a clean quart size jar
use same water you'll be using
add the stuff together in same porportions and in order.
shake it up let stand 15 minutes, look at it. is it clumping?
don't use if it gives off heat!
test it on plants for phytotoxicity if you can.

Front 48

what is Adjunants?

Back 48

Adjuvants are additive(s) a chemical added to a pesticide to modify or enhance pesticide performance. Adjuvants by themselves don't have much punch. Used for folier apps. most pesticides have Adjuvants in it.

Front 49

Surfactants formulations
surfactants are surface active agents, an Adjavant that alters the dispensing,spreading,and/or ...

Back 49

wetting properties of spray droplets. Wetting agents and spreaders are the adjuvants most freq. used pesticide applicators and referred to as surfactants. What Im trying to say is this surfactant changes the wetting so you can get the pesiticide on a waxy leaf or hairy leaf to stick.

Front 50

there are other sufactants like stickers, penetrants,sofeners that do what?

Back 50

enhance absorption, adherence, or safety of a pesticide mixture.

Front 51

What are buffering agents?

Back 51

buffering agents, compatibilty agents, emulsifiers and antifoaming agents help with mixing, handling, etc. a buffering agent changes a pH of a tank mix solution. Foaming agents reduce drift during applications

Front 52

most formulations contain all the adjuvants needed. but we still might need to add a adjuvnat at application. like a wetting agent or ...?

Back 52

spreader-stickers. (so it will stick to the plant because of conditions present)
crop oil concentrates and liquid fertilizers add increase activity of foliar applied herbicides.

Front 53

there is also compatibility agents to help get stuff to mix right. There are thickening agents for drift reduction. so we will always need an adjuvant and the best one too as ...?

Back 53

recommended by the dealer i guess. Don't use these indscriminately. or misuse may lead to crop injury, etc.
pesiticide labels clearly prohibit addition of stuff etc.
so choosing a adjuvant is difficult because its confussing and stuff changes year to year.