I&d Week 4 Self Assessment

Front 1

Strategies used by microbes to avoid the immune system include:

The intracellular habitat of Staphylococcus T/F

Back 1

F

Front 2

Strategies used by microbes to avoid the immune system include:

Antigenic shift by influenza T/F

Back 2

T

Front 3

Strategies used by microbes to avoid the immune system include:

Binding of IgG by Staphylococcal protein A T/F

Back 3

T

Front 4

Strategies used by microbes to avoid the immune system include:

Enhancement of MHC expression T/F

Back 4

F

Front 5

Strategies used by microbes to avoid the immune system include:

Killing of CD8 T-cells by HIV T/F

Back 5

F

Front 6

Immunodeficiencies:

Affecting T-cells are characterised by severe bacterial infections T/F

Back 6

F (In general)

Front 7

Immunodeficiencies:

Of B-cells can be due to a defective Bruton tyosine kinase gene (btk) T/F

Back 7

T

Front 8

Immunodeficiencies:

Of antibodies most frequently occur in the IgA class T/F

Back 8

T

Front 9

Immunodeficiencies:

Of the antibody type are treated with pooled serum antibodies from normal individuals T/F

Back 9

T

Front 10

Immunodeficiencies:

Are common in cancer patients treated with cytotoxic drugs T/F

Back 10

T

Front 11

Autoimmunity can result from:

Polyclonal activation of lymphocytes T/F

Back 11

T

Front 12

Autoimmunity can result from:

Aberrant expression of MHC molecules T/F

Back 12

T

Front 13

Autoimmunity can result from:

Enhanced tolerance in the thymus T/F

Back 13

F

Front 14

Autoimmunity can result from:

Cross-reaction of microbial and self-antigens (molecular mimicry) T/F

Back 14

T

Front 15

Autoimmunity can result from:

Appearance of normally sequestered (hidden away) self antigens T/F

Back 15

T

Front 16

Immunological tolerance can result from:

Positive selection of T-cells in the thymus T/F

Back 16

F (negative)

Front 17

Immunological tolerance can result from:

T-cell anergy T/F

Back 17

T

Front 18

Immunological tolerance can result from:

Activity of Foxp3^+ T-cells T/F

Back 18

T

Front 19

Immunological tolerance can result from:

Apoptosis of B-cells T/F

Back 19

T

Front 20

Immunological tolerance can result from:

Secretion of IL-10 and TGF-beta T/F

Back 20

T

Front 21

Of the emerging infections and disease:

Influenza virus H5N1 is the result of genetic reassortment between pig and human influenza virus T/F

Back 21

F (That's avian flu)

Front 22

Of the emerging infections and disease:

West Nile fever virus causes disease in humans, horses and birds T/F

Back 22

T

Front 23

Of the emerging infections and disease:

Dengue is a zoonotic illness transmitted by mosquitoes T/F

Back 23

F

Front 24

Of the emerging infections and disease:

Legionnaire's disease first emerged from the Sahara T/F

Back 24

F

Front 25

Of the emerging infections and disease:

Human papillomaviruses cause cancer of the neck T/F

Back 25

F

Front 26

Laboratory diagnosis of HIV infection

1. Cellular immunity to HIV is routinely assayed for the diagnosis of HIV infection

2. Current tests for HIV antibody are prone to false positive results because of low specificity

3. Testing for HIV p24 antigen reduces the seronegative window period and thereby provides an earlier diagnosis than HIV antibody tests

4. Detection of IgG class anti-HIV in the baby’s blood is helpful in diagnosing vertical transmission

5. HIV antibody tests generally become unreliable after the onset of immune deficiency

Back 26

3. Testing for HIV p24 antigen reduces the seronegative window period and thereby provides an earlier diagnosis than HIV antibody tests

Front 27

Transmission of HIV infection


1. Globally, homosexual intercourse and intravenous drug abuse are the major routes of HIV infection

2. Materno-foetal transmission of HIV typically occurs during the first 3 months of pregnancy

3. Genital herpes infection (HSV-2) in women increases the risk of acquiring HIV by sexual intercourse

4. Male circumcision does not affect transmission of HIV

5. Recombinant factor VIII is no longer used to treat haemophiliacs because of the risk of HIV infection

Back 27

3. Genital herpes infection (HSV-2) in women increases the risk of acquiring HIV by sexual intercourse

Front 28

Antiretroviral therapy

1. Resistance genotyping involves culture of HIV in lymphocytes

2. Nevirapine, a nucleoside analogue, inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase and thereby prevents conversion of HIV genomic RNA into proviral DNA prior to chromosomal integration

3. Use of HAART can lead to immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome

4. Monitoring the response to antiviral drugs is achieved by regular measurement of HIV proviral DNA in plasma

5. Since the advent of HAART, HIV infection can sometimes be cured

Back 28

3. Use of HAART can lead to immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome

Front 29

Primary infection of HIV may involve

1. An increase in the CD4:CD8 ratio

2. An increased incidence of lymphoid neoplasia and/or progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy

3. Fever, granulomas and a rash

4. Cerebral toxoplasmosis

5. A glandular fever-like illness and/or encephalitis

Back 29

5. A glandular fever-like illness and/or encephalitis

Front 30

Kaposi's Sarcoma

1. Is now becoming a common disease throughout the world

2. Was first described in elderly men in equatorial Africa in the early 1980’s

3. KSHV, the cause of epidemic Kaposi’s sarcoma, is an RNA virus also known as human herpesvirus type 8 or HHV8

4. Is irreversible in immunosuppressed organ transplant patients

5. Internal organs may be involved in HIV-associated Kaposi’s sarcoma although it is primarily a cutaneous tumour

Back 30

5. Internal organs may be involved in HIV-associated Kaposi’s sarcoma although it is primarily a cutaneous tumour